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Skeletal System - Jacob Wesley (Anatomy of Compact Bone Tissue (Bone…
Skeletal System - Jacob Wesley
Names of Bones:
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Zygomatic, Vomer, Occipital, Spehnoid, Ethnoid, Carpal, metacarpal, Tarsal, Metatarsal, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Phalanges, Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar Vertebra, Humerous, Radious, Ulna
All bones are based/classified on their shape.
Types of Bones: Flat, Irregular, Long, and Short
Flat: thin, flat, curved Irregular: oddly shaped Long: longer than wide Short: square, cube shaped bones
Anatomy of a Long Bone
Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular cartilage, periosteum, Cancellous(Spongy) Bone, Compact Bone, medullary cavity, Red marrow, Yellow marrow, Nutrient artery, branches
There is a coronal section through he proximal epiphysis and a dissection of the medullary cavity in the upper and the lower femur.
Anatomy of Compact Bone Tissue
Bone tissue is made up of 3 cells: Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts.
Tissue is dense, riddled with passageways for blood vessels
Multiple canals: Central canal, and Volkman's perforating canals
Bone Remodling
Osteoclasts break down bone so osteoblasts can replace them with newer bones.
Bone is made/reabsorbed at the periosteum.
Bone Fracture Repair
Growth Hormone: important stimulus to bone growth it can repair itself in a short amount of time, or a huge amount of time, such as years.
Depending on the severity of a broken bone, it may or may not require surgery. A doctor might be able to push it back as well if not needing surgery.
Joints
Joint: where bones meet, function: holds bones together, allows for mobility
Examples: Fibrous joints, Cartilagous joints, and Synovial joints
Six types: Ball and Socket, Condylar joint, Plane, Gliding joints, Hinge joint, Pivot joint, and Saddle joint
Male VS. Female Pelvis
Males: heart shaped pelvis, v-shaped arch Female: oval eplvis, wider arch
Males: Pelvis thicker, and stronger Females: Pelvis lighter and weaker
Movements Allowed By Synovial Joints
Abduction: movement away from midline of body Adduction: movement towards midline of body Extension: Increasing angle at joint Flexion: decreasing angle at joint Rotation: moving part around axis Dorisflexion: flexion of angle brings foot closer to shin Lateral flexion: bending head, neck, or trunk to side Supination: rotation of forearm so palm is upward Pronation: rotation of forearm so palm is downward Circumduction :end of part follows circular path Plantar flexion: flexion brings foot farther away from shin
Disorders
Osteoporosis, Bursitis, Sprain, Tendonitis, Arthritis, Osteorithis, Rhumatoid arthritis, Gouts arthritis,
Osteoporosis: bone thin disease, Bursitis:inflammation of bursae, Sprain: ligaments reinforce, joints are turned and stretched, Tendonitis: inflammation of tendon. Arthritis: degenerative disease of joints, Osteoarithis: most common, relate to aging process Rhumatoid arthritis: disease leads to deformative invflammation of joints, Gouts arthritis: caused by blood deposition can be controlled by lack of alcohol and better diet