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SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE (Culture and Adolescent…
SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE
The Self,Identity and Spiritual Development
Self Esteem
Developmental changes and gender differences in self esteem during adolescence
Identity
Erikson's View ( identity vs confusion )
Developmental Changes
Identity diffusion (Marcia's term for the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments )
Identity Foreclosure (Marcia's term for the status of individuals who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis)
Identity Moratorium (Marcia's term for the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but their commitments are either absent or vaguely defined)
Identity Achievement (Marcia's term for the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment)
Cultural and Ethnic Identity
Ethnic Identity (An enduring,basic aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership)
Religious Development
Religion and Identity Development
Search for the identity because they
begin to grapple in more sophisticated
Cognitive Development and Religion in Adolescence
Cognitive changes thought to influence
religious-increase in abstract thinking lets
adolescents consider various ideas about religious
The Positive Role of Religion in Adolescents' Lives
Religiosity - well being
Families
Parental Monitoring and Information Management
Lower adolescent disclosure to parents
was linked to antisocial behavior
parents monitor their child-well being adolescence,
having good grades
Autonomy and Attachment
The roles of attachment
Insecure attachment to mothers was linked to becoming depressed and remaining depressed and vice versa
Balancing Freedom and Control
Parents need to help the adolescents
but not be too overwhelming
Parent-Adolescent Conflict
if high,the adolescents will give negative outcomes
Peers
Friendships
Friends are so important in social needs
Peer Groups
Peer Pressure
adolescents who feel uncertain about their social identity (low self esteem,high social anxiety) most likely to conform to peers
Cliques
(A small group of about five or six individuals that may form among adolescents who engage in similar activities)
Crowds
(A larger group structure that is usually based on reputation,members may or may not spend much time together)
Dating and Romantic Relationship
Developmental Changes in Dating and Romantic Relationship
Entry into romantic attractions and affiliations (11-13 years old)
Exploring romantic relationship at approximately (14-16 yrs old)
Consolidating dyadic romantics bounds (17-19 yrs old)
Dating in gay and lesbian youth
Many sexual minority youth date other sex peers which can help them to clarify their sexual orientation or disguise it from others
Sociocultural Context and dating
Influences differences-ethnics
Values,religious beliefs and traditions-dating
Dating and adjustment-Dating and romantic relationship at an early age can be especially problematic
Adolescent Problems
Juvenile Delinquency
An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal
Parents,Friends,Siblings and lack of academic success
Depression and Suicide
Depression-Lower maternal relationship quality,less positive romantic relationship and greater loneliness in emerging adulthood(have no friends)
Suicide-Have depressive symptom
The Interrelation of Problems and Successful Prevention Programs
Problems- Drug abuse,juvenile delinquency,sexual problems, and
school related problems
-Intensive individualized attention,
-Community wide multiagency collaborative approaches,
-Early identification and intervention
Culture and Adolescent Development
Cross-Cultural Comparisons
Health
Fewer adolescents around the world die
from infectious diseases and malnutrition
Gender
Adolescent females have less freedom
Family
Parents work-reduce the ability of parents
to spend times with their adolescents
Peers
Peers have a strong role
Time allocation to different activities
How they spend their times in
work,play and development activities such as school
Rites of passage
A ceremony or ritual that marks an
individual's transition from one status
to another (More focus on the transition to adult status)
Socioeconomic Status and Poverty
Lower socioeconomic status and poverty,lower academic achievement,lower occupational attainment can have negative effects on adolescents' development
Media use and Screen Time
Prevalence of media use and screen time
More older,more times that they spend on media
Technology and digitally mediated communication
Text messaging become the main way adolescent connect with their friends
for parents,they contacted using voices mail
Ethnicity
Immigration-Asian adolescents had the highest level of depression,lowest self esteem and experiencing discrimination
Ethnicity and sosioeconomic status-
ethnic minority adolescents experience a double disadvantage
(prejudice,discrimination and bias)(the stressful effect of poverty)