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Chapter 8-9 (metabolism (Enzymes (the speed up the rate of chemical…
Chapter 8-9
metabolism
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Enzymes
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the enzymes binds to its substrate, when two or more it forms an enzyme -substrate complex
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inhibitors reduces enzymes functions; a competitive inhibitor binds to the active site, whereas the noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme
Energy
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laws of thermodynamics
fist law; "Energy can not be created or destroy, but it can transfered or transformed".
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energy coupling
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ATP hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions by transfer of a phosphate group tp specific reactants ; forming a phosphorylated intermediate that is more reactive
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cellular respiration
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Citric acid cycle
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isocitrate is oxidized and a molecule of carbon dioxide is remove producing ketoglutatarate. NAD+ is reduce to NADH + H+
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Glycolysis
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phosphofructokinase with magnesium as cofactor changes fructose-6-6phosphate into fructose 1-6-bisphosphate
fructose 1-6-bisphosphate splits to sugar isomers dihydroxyacetone phosphate(DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(GAP)
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Glucose+2(NAD+)+2(ADP)+2P -----> pyruvic acid, + 2(ATP)+NADH+2(H+)