Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Ch. 8 & 9 (Metabolism (all reactions require energy (free energy (ΔG) …

- - - - energy required/necessary to break bonds of reactants is the activation energy
        
        Enzymes
        
        each enzyme has unique active sites (site at which they bind to substrates)
        
        enzyme then changes shape, binding the substrates more tightly, called an induced fit
        
        enzymes lower activation energy barrier
        
        inhibitors > reduce enzyme function
        
        noncompetitive inhibitor - binds to different site on enzyme
        
        competitive inhibitor binds to the active site
        
        Enzyme regulation
        
        allosteric regulation - regulatory molecules (activators or inhibitors), bind to specific regulatory sites, affecting enzyme shape and function
        
        cooperativity - refers to how the binding of one substrate molecule can stimulate binding at other active sites
        
        feedback inhibition - end product of a metabolic pathway allosterically inhibits the enzyme for a previous step within pathway
    - - in endergonic (non-spontaneous) reactions, ΔG is positive because they require an input of energy
      - in exergonic (spontaneous) reactions, ΔG is negative due to products having less free energy than reactants
- - - - electrons passed to NAD+ > reduced to NADH > to ETC
      - Electron transport chain (ETC) conducts electrons to oxygen in energy-releasing steps - energy released is used to produce ATP
  - - - 1) Glycolysis
      - 2) Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
      - 3) Oxidative phosphorylation