Journalism Exam Guide 1st Trimester
Semiotics.- the science that studies the general properties of all sign systems in human activities.
Duality.- the use of contrasting colors to create signs, symbols and signals.
Basic Elements
The Period
The Line
The Curve
smaller graphic unit, several points together form a figure.
Successive alignment of infinite points (trace).
Very important concept in human being's history: related to the celestial vault, our sphere, earth and our human life cycle.
Relationship between lines
Cross: intersection between two lines. Used to mark, count, exclude and even to swear.
Arrow: mixture between lines, shows movement.
Pull: two lines drawn towards one specific direction to tell someone to do/open something.
Union: one side of the line touching any other part of the other line.
Characteristics of Signs
Succession and rhythm. Proximity. Symmetry. Superposition.
Basic Signs
Deceptive Signs.- signs that show something depending on the perspective.
Signs in Ancient Cultures
Ancient Cultures developed their own signs to communicate. There's not an specific origin for signals in our world, every culture has its own creations.
Mesopotamia: land between rivers. Asiria, Caldea and Sumeria. Wheat, sorghum and barley. Cuneiform writing system: clay tablets that were marked by pressing a wedge.
Egypt: gods divided in ocean, infinite space, the darkness and the hidden. Thot: God that created the hieroglyphics and arts. Osiris: God of the Nile River and after, judge of the dead. Ankh: key to the underworld. Wedjat/Eye of Horus.
China: Use of ink and papyrus and pictograms.
Punctuation Marks
Give phonetics a guideline.
; divide sentences with different strenght. : introduction to the next phrase. () isolates info within a sentence. / joins. "" abbreviation, quotes and elision. ¡! emphasizes. ¿? asks.
Sign.- represents something of the real/unreal world. Signal.- mixture of signs that tells us what to do or not. Symbol.- represents more complex concepts.
Image = Perception, because everything we perceive with our senses turns into an image. Perception is the inner feeling that results from a material impression made in our senses.
Light colors.- accessibility. Dark colors.- authority.
How do we communicate?
Memory (interpret the world) subjective.
Critical Thinking.- thoughtful, judgmental thinking that questions what he read or hears.
Verbal stimulus: signs that together give me a code and can give me meaning. Its is only the word, without emotion.
Nonverbal stimulus: everything that is no words. Smells, colors, sounds, body language, makeup, accessories, clothes, car, room.
Mixed stimuli: simultaneous emission of verbal and nonverbal stimuli.
When transmitting a message: 55% appearance, 38% medium, 7% words.
Every image produces a judgment of value or opinion which will become the reality of the perceiver driving the acceptance or the rejection.
Essence.- personalities, abilities, weaknesses. Objective.- it is constantly changing. It tells us where are we going. Audience.- who perceives us.
These three take you to have a reputation: image sustained over time.