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CEREBRUM (Location,Composition, Development (White Matter has unmyelinated…
CEREBRUM
Location,Composition, Development
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Gyri = Folds that form during development, grey matter grows faster than white
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Longitudinal Fissure = divides cerebrum into right and left --> connected internally by white matter that forms Corpus Callosum
Hemispheres divide into lobes: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
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Precentral gyrus anterior to central sulcus is primary motor area And Postcentral gyrus is posterior to central sulcus is primary somatosensory area
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CEREBRAL CORTEX
Sensory (posterior half)
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Secondary = lie adjacent to primary areas, receive input from primary sensory areas and other parts of brain. Interpretation of sensory experience into meaningful patterns of recognition and awareness
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Association
Parietooccipitotemporal continuous analysis of spatial coordinates of body parts and surroundings. Assists brain to control body movements, analyze sensory signals
Wernicke's Area posterior portion of superior temporal lobe, confluence of somatic, visual, auditory (secondary and association. Is highly developed in dominant hemisphere of brain, plays single greatest role in higher brain function know as INTELLIGENCE
Prefrontal functions in close association with motor cortex, planning complex patterns of movement
Broca's Areain frontal cortex, neural circuitry for word formation
Limbic connected to limbic system, behaviour, motivation, emotion
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BASAL GANGLIA (groups of nuclei in each hemisphere, coordinate gross automatic muscle movement and muscle tone)
Corpus Stratum
Caudate Nuclei
Caudate Circuit cognitive control of motor activity, receives input from all lobes of cortex, outputs to adjacent areas. patterns of movement
Lenticular Nuclei
Puatmen (laterally)
Putamen Circuit executing learned complex patterns of motor activity (writing alphabet and other skilled movements). Receives input from parts of brain adjacent to motor cortex, then outputs to primary motor cortex. Lesions lead to flicking movements of head and limbs.
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Subthalamus and Substansia Nigra not classified as part of Basal Ganglia but they interconnect and feedback to Thalamus. Lesions on Subthalamus = flailing of entire limb (hemiballismus). Lesions on Substansia Nigra = Paralysis Agitans ie Parkinsons
Neurotransmitters within Basal Ganglia Dopamine pathway from Substansia Nigra to Caudate Nucleus and Putamen. GABA pathway from Caudate Nucleus and Putamen to Globus Pallidus and Substansia Nigra. Acetylcholine pathway from cortex to Putamen and Caudate Nucleus. ---> Dopamine and GABA are inhibitory agents, lend stability to motor control systems. Acetylcholine is excitatory to motor control.