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An Introduction to Metabolism/Fermentation and Cell Respiration (Aerobic…
An Introduction to Metabolism/Fermentation and Cell Respiration
Endergonic Reactions- nonspontaneous chemical reactions in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
Exergonic Reactions- spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy.
Energy coupling- The use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Enzyme-substrate Complex- Temporary molecule form when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).
Aerobic Respiration- Catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen ( O 2 ) as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP. This is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic cells and many prokaryotic organisms
Organic Compounds (Glucose) and Oxygen are outside the cell being brought in. These are the REACTANTS
After they are oxidized and reduced the organic compounds and oxygen become carbon dioxide and water adding energy inside the mitochondria. These are the PRODUCTS
Summary: C6H12O6+6 O2→6 CO2+6 H2O+Energy (ATP+heat)
Glycosis- A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs in almost all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration.
Electron Transport Chain- consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells (and the plasma membrane of respiring prokaryotes).
Anaerobic Respiration- catabolic pathway in which inorganic molecules other than oxygen accept electrons at the “downhill” end of electron transport chains.
Alcohol Fermentation
Products: ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy
Reactants: Glucose
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Reactants: Pyruvate + NADH
Products: Lactate + NAD+
Krebs Cycle- (citric acid cycle) Chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA (derived from pyruvate) to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; together with pyruvate oxidation, the second major stage in cellular respiration.
Transition Reactions- (Oxidative decarboxylation) oxidation reactions in which a carboxylate group is removed, forming carbon dioxide. They often occur in biological systems: there are many examples in the citric acid cycle.
