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Community Ecology (Predator-Prey Interactions (fixed effort harvesting…
Community Ecology
Predator-Prey Interactions
one predator one prey
feeding rate
how quickly a predator finds a new prey
functional response
dependent on prey density
"prey-dependent"
faster if more prey available
handling time
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time needed to consume prey
Lotka-Volterra model
too simplistic
Rosenzeig-MacArthur model
adds more factors
maximum sustained yield
species is stable
fixed effort harvesting
pop health determined by amount of food within effort
healthy pop=abundant harvest
sparse pop=poor harvest
fixed quota harvesting
hunters allowed to harvest a certain amount
ex 1 deer per hunter
predator selection among prey
optimal foraging theory
examine factors
produced a optimal diet model
makes 4 predictions
competition between species
species compete for same resources
exploitation competition
consume a shared resource
interference competition
restricts one's access to resources
Diversity
communities consist of more than one species
measure species richness
count of the species present
"checklist"
national park
wildlife preserve
always incomplete
relationship between are and species richness
species-area relationship
S=cA^z
s=number of species
A=area
c and z are constants
scale matters
larger areas are more diverse than smaller ones
varies with scale
species abundance distribution
varies with latitude
higher latitudes have more severe conditions
Beneficial Int. between species
two organisms interact and both benefit
mutualism
mutualistic relationship
both incur a cost
helps another without recieving benefits
facilitation
first organism facilitates the other
also plays a role in succession
primary succession
org become established on newly created substrates
Interconnectedness of species
direct line of consumption
food chain
network of interrelationships
food web
energy flow web
presence or absence of species
keystone species
sea otters
hard to recognize
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Metapop in patchy environments
metapopulation
local pop interconnected by migration and gene flow between patches
has 4 assumptions
high quality patch
source habitat
low-quality patch
sink habitat
