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biomes (continental drift (present position of the world's continents,…

- - - - lowers sea levels
      - exposes more land surface
  - - - all life was aquatic
      - southern hemisphere was a continent call gondwanaland
        
        consisted of south american, africa, india, australia, and antartica
      - middle+ late paleozoic era
        
        life began to move onto land
        
        all land on entire globe was located together as one supercontinent, pangaea
      - mesozoic era
        
        pangaea began to break up
        
        eurasia began moving northward separating from pangaea resulting in the formation of a waterway- tethys sea
- - - - dominated by giant long-lived conifers
      - can attain old age with little distrubance
      - hurricanes and tornadoes do not occur and fires are rare
      - stability of forest and the daily fog result in a rich growth of osses, liverworts, and ferns
    - - occur at the bases of cascade mountains
      - most famous residents are giant sequoia- largest organism in the world
    - - cold winters and warm but not hot summers
      - occupies lower, warmer regions in the US
      - higher, cooler regions support subapline
    - - occurs at the southern edge of the oak/pine component of the temperate deciduous forest
      - region has a dry aspect
      - biome is shaped b frequent fires
  - - - almost all of grasslands was converted to farms
      - central plains of north america extending from the Texas coast beyond the Canadian boarder was grassland
    - - woodland is similar to a forest except trees are widely spaced out
      - if grass grows between trees- savanna
      - shrublands- similar to woodlands but trees are replaced by srubs
      - chaparral- well known shrubland
    - - driest regions of temperate areas
      - either cold or hot
        
        hot deserts have warm winter temperatures
        
        cold desert has cold winter temperatures
        
        desert soils are rocky and thin
    - - trees survive on mountains
      - short growing season
  - - - permafrost- soil is permanently frozen
      - short growing season
      - contains grasses and sedges, mosses and lichens
    - - boreal means northern
      - occurs across alaska and canada and throughout eurasia and russia
      - russian name for this biome is taiga
      - exclusively coniferuous
  - - - occur close to the equator, hawaii, puerto rico, guam
      - rains at noon and after rain humidity increases due to sunlight
- - - - as it flows upward the air pressure decreases and moist rising air expands more
      - water vapor condenses to rain
    - - desert islands- extremely dry and do not have fresh streams or lakes
      - rain shadow- decreased rain on the landward side of mountains
- - - - world climate
      - positions of continents