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Urban Futures (Cities (World city: a city that has an influence over the…

- - - - Not enough jobs for everyone – high levels of unemployment
      - Lots of people working in the informal sector, where the jobs aren't taxed or regulated, so people can work long hours in dangerous conditions for little pay
      - People may not have access to education so they are unable to develop the skills needed to get better jobs
    - - Housing shortage – many people end up in squatter settlements that are badly built and overcrowded
      - Infrastructure cannot be built fast enough, so people often don't have access to basic services, eg. clean water, proper sewers or electricity – can cause poor health
      - Can be high levels of crime
    - - Waste disposal, sewage systems and environmental regulations for factories can't keep pace with the growth
      - Rubbish is not collected or may end up in big rubbish heaps. Can damage the environment, especially if it's toxic
      - Sewage and toxic chemicals can get into rivers, harming wildlife
      - Insufficient road system – congestion causes increased greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution
- - - - Urban areas can be overcrowded, polluted, have high crime rates and have little green, natural space
      - Some believe that the quality of life is lower in the inner city than it would be in the suburbs
      - Governments clear low quality city centre housing and provide new houses outside the city for residents
      - Deindustrialisation in city centres – when manufacturing moves out of an area – people leave cities in search of employment in new industrial areas
      - As unemployment increases, people have less money to spend, so local shops and services may be forced to close – fewer local services
    - - Suburban areas offer a lower population density, more open green spaces, perception of being safer and more family-friendly
      - More relaxed planning laws – easier to build houses
      - Improvements in public transport and increasing car ownership – people can live in the suburbs and commute to work
      - Rents are cheaper, which attracts businesses – jobs and services become available