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TERM 4 H.A.S.S. (WEEK 4 (TYPES OF LAWS (STATUTORY LAW (Laws made and…

- - - - HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
        1st reading- bill is introduced to House of Representatives
        2nd reading- members debate and vote on the main idea of the bill
        House committee- public inquiry into the bill snd reporting back to the house
        Consideration in detail- members discuss the bill in detail, including any changes to the bill.
        3rd reading- members vote on its final form
        Bill is passed- bill is passed in the House of Representatives sent to the Senate.
      - SENATE
        1st reading- bill is introduced to Senate
        2nd reading- members debate and vote on the main idea of the bill
        House committee- public inquiry into the bill snd reporting back to the senate
        Consideration in detail- members discuss the bill in detail, including any changes to the bill.
        3rd reading- members vote on its final form
        Bill is passed- bill is passed in the Senate sent to the Governor-General.
      - GOVERNOR-GENERAL
        Royal Assent by the Governor-General- Royal assent- The Governor-General decides whether to approve of the bill or not by signing it
        Bill becomes an act of parliament- A law for Australia
    - - The constitution is a written document it was created in 1901. It outlines the laws of Australia, and describes the structure of our government. Including protects the rights of Australian citizens. So we are all protected, it maintains order and so there is peace. We still have the constitution to this day.
    - - Laws are created in the parliament, before a law is approved it would be called a 'bill' (a draft law). A bill goes through 3 parts of parliament those are 'House of Representatives', 'Senate', and 'Governor-General'.
  - - - Laws made and passed by parliament
      - An example is using mobile phones whilst driving.
    - - Not covered by statutory law but judge must decide. The decision the judge makes becomes a precedent and its to be used in future cases.
      - An example is Mabo vs Queensland
        Mabo bringing the federal government to the High Court, wanting his land back. His family has owned the land for years even before the europeans came.
    - - Laws that protect people from harm and it is a crime to break one of these. This would result in imprisonment, fine, or good behaviour bond. The legal system punishes people who break this law.
      - An example is murder
    - - Deals with disputes between individuals or organisations. Its aim is not to punish, but to right any wrongs done. Can sue a person/ company for damages.
      - An example is defamation and negligence.
    - - Unofficial law passed down by word of mouth. It's linked to culture of people.
      - An example is a Northern Territory case of Galamuuy Yunupingu and Michael McRostie.
  - - - SPEECH
        
        To be able to express opinions and beliefs without fear of punishment.
        
        An example is we can criticize the government if they are not doing a good job.
      - ASSOCIATION
        
        Free to join a group or club without being stopped
        
        An example is to participate in a club or group
      - ASSEMBLY
        
        Free to peacefully gather in a public or private place.
        
        An example is to protest against something you think is unfair.
      - RELIGION
        
        Free to practice any religion even if none.
        
        An example is becoming a Christian, Muslim, Hindu, or Atheist.
      - MOVEMENT
        
        Free to move around the country both in and out.
        
        An example is to go on a holiday overseas and return home whenever you want.
    - - Bounds of law means that our freedoms are limited. It tells us that we cannot break the law when we're expressing our freedom of speech, association, assembly, religion, and movement. An example is that we're allowed to assemble and protest, but once the protest becomes violent and people are harmed, it is then recognised as illegal activity. Which is why we're bound by law to not do anything that can harm people, or just anything illegal.
- - - - Indigenous Australians keep their laws because of their culture, and their ancestors beliefs.
      - They are facing problems such as Australians invading their land without permission. (Tourists climbing Uluru, the Indigenous have been able to stop tourists climbing Uluru after it becoming a statutory law)
- - - - State and territory courts (supreme courts):
        -Hears most serious criminal cases (e.g. murder) and most complex civil cases
        -Highest court in each state and territory
        -Hears appeals from magistrates and country courts
        
        Intermediate courts (district courts)
        
        Hears more serious criminal cases and more complex civil cases
        -Judge hears and decides civil cases
        -Judge and jury for criminal cases; judge decides sentence
        -Hears appeal from magistrates courts
        
        Lower courts (magistrate court
        -Hear minor civil, family law and criminal cases (e.g. small property claims, drink driving, domestic violence)
        -No jury
        -Magistrates hears and decides
        -Also known as a summary proceeding
      - Commonwealth courts
        (Federal court of Australia): Hears cases under federal laws (e.g. industrial relations, bankruptcy, taxation)
        -Holds court sessions in all capital cities and some towns
        -Has a Chief Justice (and sometimes other judges)
        -Hears appeals from lower courts.
        
        Family court of Australia
        -Hears family law cases (e.g. divorce, custody of children, property settlement)
        
        Federal circuit court of Australia
        -Set up in 1999 to share load of family court and federal court
        -Jurisdiction covers family law, discrimination, migration, privacy, copyright, etc.
        -Holds hearings in all capital cities and some towns
- - - - THE BLACK DEATH
        
        Source Analysis
        
        Long-term and short-term impacts.
        
        Origins of Black Death
        
        Ways the Black Death was treated
      - THE CRUSADES
        
        Negative effects of the Crusades
        
        Positive effects of the Crusades
        
        What were the Crusades
      - FEUDALISM
        
        Define feudalism
        
        Charlemagne
        
        When did the Medieval period start and finish.
        
        Obligations and Priveleges
    - - AUSTRALIA'S POLITICAL SYSTEM
        
        Origin of the Australia's system of government
        
        What does PM stand for
        
        Who represents the Queen
        
        Whats does 'fair go' mean
        
        Participation
      - FREEDOMS OF AUSTRALIANS CITIZENS
        
        What are the five main freedoms
        
        Why are our freedoms bound by law
        
        An example that limits our freedom
      - TYPES OF LAWS
        
        five main laws
        
        Example for each law
        
        Why do we have laws
        
        What is a precedent
- - - - A system of government, run by the people, for the people
      - Example in Australia our House of Representatives is made up of the people we've elected to represent us in our democracy
    - - The beliefs and ideals that are held by our society as a democracy (respect, equality, fairness, freedom)
      - Example we are free to protest if we don't agree with something or we are free to practice whatever religion we want to, including no religion
    - - A form of parliamentary government originating in United Kingdom. Includes:
        -lower house
        -head of state or sovereign
        -head of government
        -executive or cabinet made up of members of parliament
        -independent service
        -independent judiciary
      - Example the Westminster system has been adopted by a number of countries, including Canada and New Zealand
    - - People should treat each other in a manner that is fair and balanced. When people break the law it's said to have been 'brought by justice'.
      - Example you may be guilty and in prison but other evidence (dna) shows that you're innocent
    - - Good citizens contribute to or take part in socitey.
      - Examples voting, protesting and demonstrating, political discussions, petitions, contacting your local member of parliament, and campaigning
    - - Entitlements and duties as citizens. We are able to have a say in the way our country is run.
      - An example is you have the right to freedom of speech and you have the responsibility to let others have there freedom of speech. (everyone should be treated fairly).
  - - - A person's status as a citizen, who legally lives in an area such as a town or country. They exercise their rights and responsibilities
    - - The study of rights and responsibilities of citizens and how government works.
    - - Elected members of Parliament who make decisions for a nation or state; made up of the party or coalition that has won majority seats in the lower house of parliament; the lower house of federal parliament is the House of Representatives and the upper house is the Senate.
    - - Way in which people of many different cultures, races, and religions live peacefully with one another as equals.
    - - National or state law-making body that is made up of elected representatives in both the upper and lower houses with a head of state; in Australia, the national parliament is referred to as the Commonwealth or federal parliament.
    - - System of government where people elect representatives to parliament in order to make laws which reflect the views of the majority of voters.
- - - - To be able to express opinions and beliefs without fear of punishment.
      - An example is we can criticise the government if they are not doing a good job
      - This freedom is bound by law because it tells people not to encourage violence.
    - - Free to join a group or club without being stopped
      - An example is to participate in a club
      - The freedom is bound by law because we cannot associate with criminal groups or terrorist groups.
    - - Free to peacefully gather in a public or private place.
      - An example is to protest against something you think is unfair.
      - This freedom is bound by law because we cannot damage any property or harm people during the protest.
    - - Free to practise any religion even if none.
      - An example is becoming a Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Jew, or Atheist.
      - This freedom is bound by law because we cannot harm anyone by doing so.
    - - Free to move around the country both in and out.
      - An example is going on a holiday overseas and returning home whenever i want.
      - This freedom is bound by law because we cant travel overseas to join a terrorist group.