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Definitions (Key Concepts (Society: Society refers to the way in which…
Definitions
Key Concepts
Society: Society refers to the way in which humans organize themselves in groups and networks. Society is created and sustained by social relationships and institutions. The term “society” can also be used to refer to a human group that exhibits some internal coherence and distinguishes itself from other such groups.
Change: The alteration or modification of cultural or social elements in a society. Change may be due to internal dynamics within a society or the result of contact with another culture through processes such as those involved in globalization
Power: It is an essential feature of social relations and can be considered as a person’s or group’s capacity to influence, manipulate or control others and resources which in a broader sense is centered around the structure and the inequalities between the different levels of hierarchy within the structure.
Materiality: Refers to objects, resources, and belongings that have cultural meanings. They are embedded in all kinds of social relations and practices. It is studied to understand human experience through the study of material objects.
Identity: refers to individual’s private and personal view of the self – “moi”. It is also understood to be how an individual is viewed from a perspective of a social group. It can also refer to group identity, e.g. religious, ethnic, national identities etc.
Symbolism: The study of the significance that people attach to objects, actions and processes creating networks of symbols through which they construct a culture’s web of meaning
Belief & knowledge: A set of convictions, values and viewpoints regarded as ‘the truth’ and shared by the members of a social group. These are underpinned and supported by known cultural experience.
Culture: Refers to organized systems of symbols, ideas, explanations, beliefs and material production that humans create and manipulate in the course of their daily lives. Customs by which humans organize their physical world; maintain social structure. Shared social construction of meanings; site of contested meaning. No static, homogenous, bounded; it is dynamic and fluid. May be the subject of disagreement & conflict
Other General Concepts
Related to Kinship
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Kinship: The web or pattern of social relationships, which connects people through descent or marriage, although other forms of social connections may be included.
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Fictive kinship: Forms of kinship or social ties that are based neither on consanguinial nor affinal ties. A problematic term as it assumes that this kinship is less real than, for instance, biological kinship.
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Social kinship: Relationships created through social interaction rather than biologically based relations. Often used as a synonym for fictive kinship, but can be objected to because it differentiates between social and biological, whereas people
Reproductive technologies: New forms of technology, including IVF or other fertility treatments, that create new forms of kinship relations
Genealogical ties: social ties that relate to family and family history and ancestors patrilineal or matrilineal. Ancestorally defined realtionships.
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Family: A term covering a range of meanings in terms of relatedness and connection of people. It may refer to a domestic group or household, or a wider kinship network.
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Diversity that exists in family forms; e.g. nuclear family, extended family, conjugal family, stem family
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Gender: The culturally constructed distinctions between males and females. In many cultures it was and is seen as a binary (though perceptions of gender often change as cultures do), but in the anthropology – particularly more contemporary anthropology – gender is seen as fluid and is a spectrum. Other genders exist and it can be influenced by individual’s sexuality
Personhood: Refers to being a person – a full member of a society. It is a status which is given at different times by differed societies with different criterions for personhood and, in some societies, it can be taken away for various reasons. For example, in …
Gendered identity: The way we see ourselves and are seen by others in relation to culturally constricted ideas of what it means to be a man or woman or other gender
Gendered relations: The nature of relationships between men and women in terms of responsibilities, power and decision making
Sexuality: A center feature of being human that is highly individualized. It includes sexual feelings, thoughts, attractions, preferences and sometimes behavior.
Status: The position a person has within a social system – this may be ascribed (beyond an individual’s control) or achieved (acquired on the basis of merit). Person’s statuses are usually multiple and come with sets of rights, obligations, behaviors and duties that individuals of certain positions are expected to perform.
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