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23 year old male contracted Clostridium tetani from a dirty needle when he…
23 year old male contracted Clostridium tetani from a dirty needle when he got a tattoo
anatomy
Excitation-contraction coupling
neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine (ACh)
chemically-gated channels
Na+ released
depolarizing membrane
voltage-gated channels
Ca+ is released
contraction
regulatory proteins
troponin
tropomyosin
motor neuron
muscle fiber
summation
temporal summation
EPSPs
Sodium (Na+)
spacial summation
spatial summation of EPSPs and IPSPs
IPSPs
potassium (K)
Chloride (Cl)
functional classifications
interneurons
motor neurons
sensory neurons
Clostridium tetani
tetanospasmin
y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
structural classifications
bipolar
unipolar
multipolar
organ systems
muscular system
muscles
nervous system
brain
respiratory system
lungs
digestive systems
esophagus
cardiovascular system
heart
physiology
clostridium tetani
a bacterial infection
produces tetanospasmin
interferes with signals from brain to nerves
blocks GABA
neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian CNS
neurotoxin
summation
temporal summation
a neuron that sends messages close in time
excitatory presynaptic potentials(EPSPs)
neurotransmitters that open channels to depolarize the membrane
Sodium (Na)
spacial summation
EPSPs generated at different locations on neuron
spacial summation of EPSPs and IPSPs
presynaptic neuron creates IPSPs
it can override the EPSPs created by another neuron
inhibitory presynapitc potentials (IPSPs)
neurotransmitters that open channels to hyperpolarize the membrane
potassium (K)
Chloride (Cl)
when neuron uses more than one message to depolarize
organ systems
muscular system
assists with movement and heat production
muscles
produce movement
respiratory system
gas exchange
lungs
breathing; bring in oxygen
nervous system
control of body and communication among its parts
brain
control center of body
digestive system
breaks down food
esophagus
conduit for food and liquids
cardiovascular system
heart
transports and circulates blood throughout body
Excitation-Contraction coupling
depolarizing membrane
voltage gated channels
can only be opened by a change in charge
Ca+ released
attaches to and changes troponin shape
contraction
muscle is made shorter
regulatory proteins
troponin
keeps tropomyosin in place on actin filaments
moves when Ca+ attaches to it
tropomyosin
covers myosin binding sites closed
neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine (ACh)
neurotransmitter that binds to chemically gated Na channels
chemically-gated channels
can only be opened by chemicals
Na+ released
depolarizes memebrane
motor neuron
brain cell
muscle fiber
muscle cell
structural and functional classifications
bipolar
neuron with two extensions
multipolar
neuron with multiple extensions
motor neurons
neurons that carry impulses to effectors
interneurons
neurons that conduct impulses within CNS
unipolar
neuron with one extension
sensory neuron
neurons that transmit impulses toward CNS
downstream causes
muscular system
muscles
muscle spasms
nervous system
brain
seizures
respiratory system
lungs
aspiration pneumonia
laryngospasm
difficulty breathing
digestive system
esophagus
difficulties swallowing
cardiovascular system
heart
cardiac arrest
upstream causes
neuromuscular junction
tetanospasm enters neuron
reaches cell body in spinal cord
tetanospasm reaches the inhibitory interneuron
it blocks the neurotransmitter that controls motor neuron
causing it to fire constantly
muscle spasms
enters through terminal buds
contraction of tetanus
patient came into contact with a dirty needle
it had Clostridium tetani
patient did not get the vaccine
leading to contraction of infection
if patient got vaccinated
patient would not have tetanus