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CHARACTERISTICS AND PROCESSES WITHIN RIVERS (CHARACTERISTICS…
CHARACTERISTICS AND PROCESSES WITHIN RIVERS
CHARACTERISTICS
DISTRIBUTARIES
Smaller rivers which leave the main river
CONFLUENCE
the point where two rivers meet
TRIBUTARY
when a smaller river flows into a main river channel
WATERSHED
any water in the watershed area that flows into the rivers drainage baisen
STORE
when water is not moving
FLOW
when water is moving
INPUT
when water is released into the river e.g precipitation
OUTPUT
when water is released out of the river
PROCESSES
CONDENSATION
as water vapour is blown towards mountains by the prevailing winds it is forced to rise, cools and condenses back into water droplets
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
vegetation not only intercepts rainfall but also takes it up through the roots from the soil. This water is eventually returned to the atmosphere by the transpiration from leaves.
EVAPORATION
water is stored in the sea as a liquid. High temperatures and warm winds change the liquid water into gas.
INTERCEPTION
some rainfall is intercepted by plants and trees before reaching the ground.
OVERLAND FLOW
upland streams flow downhill and join at confluences from slower-moving wider, deeper rivers which eventually discharge the water into lakes or the sea.
TRANSPORTATION
TRACTION
Larger gravel, cobbles and boulders are common in high velocity rivers or when a river is in flood. The bed load rolls along in contact with the river bed
SOLUTION
sand and small gravel are in any types of flow conditions. Minerals are dissolved from soil or rock and carried along in the flow
SALTATION
soluble minerals such as calcium carbonate are in more energetic rivers with higher velocities. The sediment bounces and skips along
SUSPENSION
small particles such as clay are in all but the slowest flowing rivers. Tiny particles are carried long distances in the flowing water