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Metabolism (Cellular Respiration (Fermentation (Alcohol fermentation-…
Metabolism
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation- is a partial degradation of sugars or sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen.
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reducing agent- it reduces Y, which accepts the donated electron.
Oxidizing agent- substance Y, the electron acceptor it oxidizes Xe negative by removing its electron.
This coenzyme is well suited as an electron carrier because it can cycle easily between its oxidized form,NAD positive and its reduced form NADH
Electron Transport chain- consist of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis- which occurs in the cytosol, begins the degradation process by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.
Citric acid cycle- pyruvate enter the mitochondrion and is oxidized to a compound a called acetyl CoA.
Oxidative Phosphorylation- because it is powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain.
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Metabolism
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Metabolic pathway- begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
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Anabolic pathways- in contrast, consume energy to build complicated molecules molecules from simpler ones; they are sometimes called biosynthetic pathways.
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Thermal energy- kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules; thermal energy in transfer from one object to another is called heat.
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Chemical energy- is a term used by biology to refer to the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction.
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First law of thermodynamics- the energy of the universe is constant: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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Second law of thermodynamics- every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
spontaneous process- increase in entropy, a process that can proceed without requiring an input of energy.
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