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Population Genetics and Evolution (Evolution and the origin of life…
Population Genetics and Evolution
Evolution
Evolution is the gradual conversion of one species into one, in some cases, several new species.
It occurs for the most part by natural selections.
Mutations cause new alleles or new genes to arise that affect the fitness of the individual, making it less or more adapted to the environment that other individuals without the new allele or gene.
It is a slow process to changes in a species.
Population Genetics deals with the abundance of different alleles within a population and the manner in which the abundance of a particular allele increases, decreases, or remains the same with time.
Gene pool
The total number of alleles in all the sex cells of all individuals of a population constitutes.
Factors that cause the Gene Pool to Change
Mutation
Accidents
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Speciation
Natural selection has caused a new species to evolve this process is called speciation.
Two Fundamental ways
Phyletic Speciation
In which one species gradually becomes sp changed that it must be considered a new species
Gene Flow
New beneficial alleles arise and are selected for,they become spread throughout the entire population, this movement of alleles physically through space, called gene flow.
It occurs in many ways.
Pollen Transfer
Seed Dispersal
Vegetative propagation
Divergent Speciation
In which some populations of a species evolve into a new, second species while other populations either continue relatively unchanged as the original, parental species or evolve into a new, third species.
Reproductively Isolated
Two Fundamental cause
Abiological Reproductive Barriers
Biological Reproductive Barriers
Evolution and the origin of life
Chemosynthesis
Formation of Polymers
Aggregation of Polymers
Early Metabolism
Oxygen
Oxidizing Atmosphere
The Presence Of Life
Conditions on Earth Before the origin of Life
Chemical Presence in the Atmosphere
Energy Sources
Time Available for The Origin of Life
