Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chapter 6 & 7 (A Tour Of The Cell (6.1 Biologists use microscopes and…

- - - - electron microscope (em): rather focusing light, the focus is a bean of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface
      - scanning electron microscope (sem): useful for detailed study of the topography of a specimen
      - light microscope (lm): visible light is passed through the specimen and then through the glass lenses
      - transmission electron microscope (tem): used to study the internal structure of cells
- - - - channel proteins: has a hydrophilic channel that allows certain molecules or atomic ions to pass through the membrane
      - aquaporins: a gateway across the membrane for water to pass through
  - - - diffusion is a spontaneous process, needing no input of energy
    - - passive transport: the diffusion across the biological membrane; the cell does not have to expend energy to make it happen
  - - - Because of kinks in the tails where double bonds are located, unsaturated hydrocarbon tails cannot pack together as closely as saturated hydrocarbon tails, making the membrane more fluid.
    - - Integral proteins: penetrate the hydrophobic proteins of the lipid bilayer
      - peripheral proteins: not embedded in the lipid bilayer
  - - - enables a cell to maintain internal concentration of small solutes that differ from concentrations in its enviornment
    - - the combination of forces acting on an ion is called the electrochemical gradient