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Organic Chemistry (Organic reactions (Addition; The molecule with a …
Organic Chemistry
Organic reactions
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Elimination: The poor gets poorer= two carbon atoms that break an form 2 degree angle with the molecule being asthematic that allows a minor an major possible.
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Naming Organic Compounds
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Hydrocarbons
Alkanes
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prefixes = meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct
side-chain=methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl pentyl
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Haloalkanes
Group 17 of the periodic table bond to the carbon atoms alkanes. Group 17 is referred to as Halogens.
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Organic Properties
Boiling points.
Solids:
Particles are packed tightly together. They are held together
by strong intermolecular forces.
Liquids:
Particles are moving and can slide past each other. They are not held in a fixed pattern. Particles are held together by weaker intermolecular forces.
Gases:
Particles are spaced far apart and move about very quickly. The intermolecular attractive force between molecules is essentially zero.
The study of compounds containing carbon. Carbon is able to form an enormous range of compounds because it forms stable bonds with a wide range of elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and the halogens.
structural isomers are molecule with the same molecular formula but having different physical structures. The alkane with the formula C5 H12 has three structural isomers.
Cyclic Alkanes= are ring like structures with carbon atoms forming closed loops. The formula is C5H6, as shown on the right. The cyclic alkanes all have the prefix cycle preceding the alkane name
Haloalkanes are the elements in group 17 of the periodic table (Florine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine) readily bond to the carbon atoms in alkanes. These elements are also known as halogens.
Classifying Haloalkanes= Haloalkanes are classified as either primary (1), secondary (2), or tertiary(3). In order to classify them, identify the carbon atom bonded to the halogen and count the number of neighbouring carbon atom that are bonded to that carbon atom
The Alcohols: The alcohols are a homologous series of organic molecules consisting of an alkane chain with a hydroxyl (oh) group attached to one of the carbon atoms. The OH group replaces one of the hydrogen atoms.
Oxidation of Alchols: The addition of an oxygen atom to carbon-1 of a primary alchol creates an acid.
Reactions of carboxylic acids with metals= because carboxylic acids are weak acids they react slowly with reactive metals such as magnesium and zinc. The reactions take the general form. carboxylic acids + Metals -) Metal salt + Hydrogen Gas
Reactions of carboxylic Acids with amines= Carboxylic acids with amines to form alkylammonium salts. The reactions follow the general form.
Elimination Reaction: The poor gets poorer= When there are two carbon atoms adjacent to the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group attached (2 degrees), and the molecule is asymmetric, major and minor products of the elimination reaction are possible.
Geometric: The prefixes 'Cis' and 'trans' are used to denote whether the groups are on the same (cis) side of the bond, or opposite (trans) sides.
