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Biology B4: bioenergetics (Photosynthesis (Limiting factors of…
Biology B4: bioenergetics
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water + (Light) -> Glucose + Oxygen
6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
uses energy to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
This is an endothermic reaction, meaning energy is taken in in the reaction
Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Light provides the energy needed for photosynthesis
Increasing light intensity will increase rate of photosynthesis up to a certain point, until something else becomes the limiting factor
Temperature
The temperature has to be just right, as it provides the activation energy for the reaction, but if the temperature is too high, the enzymes used in photosynthesis will denature and the reaction rate will lower.
Carbon Dioxide Concentration
carbon dioxide is used up in photosynthesis, so the less there is, the lower the rate of photosynthesis
Chlorophyl Concentration
chlorophyl is the catalyst of photosynthesis, so the more there is, the greater the reaction rate
Uses of glucose in plants
Respiration
Glucose is used for respiration, which makes energy in the form of ATP, this allows all of the other uses of glucose
Making Cellulose
Cellulose is used to make the cell wall of a plant cell
Making Amino Acids
Glucose and Nitrates can be used to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
Storage as oils and fats
Fats an oils can be stored within seeds to help a new plant grow
Storage as Starch
Starch, unlike glucose is not soluble, meaning it does not influence the movement of water within the plant, which makes it ideal for storage
Respiration
Aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + (Energy)
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + (Energy)
Glucose and oxygen are used to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Occurs in the mitochondria
Uses of Energy
Build larger molecules from smaller ones (Endothermic reactions)
Used for muscle contractions (Movement)
To create body heat in mammals
Anerobic Respiration
Anerobic respiration happens when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic reaction to occur
glucose -> lactic acid in animals
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide in plants and yeast
Oxygen is needed to break down the lactic acid, this is called oxygen debt
Metabolism
Describes all of the chemical reactions that happen within the body
Examples:
Respiration
Breaking down of lactic acid in liver
Any reaction happening within an organism