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Bone fracture injury for kid who doesn't consume calcium in sufficient…
Bone fracture injury for kid who doesn't consume calcium in sufficient amounts
The fall broke his bones
Lactose intolerance means no dairy in his diet.
Only eats burgers, hot dogs, spaghetti, and junk food
No vegetables to substitute the calcium from dairy
Bones
Anatomy of a long bone
lamellae in concentric rings contain osteocytes in the lacunae, connected by canaliculi
yellow marrow- fat storage
central canal- holds nerves and blood vessels, length of bone perforating canal- run width of bone and connect to spongy bone holding blood vessels
red marrow- blood production
osteoclasts-breakdown bones
endosteum- dense connective tissue lining the inside the bone
osteocytes-mature bone cells that occupy lacunae
periosteum- dense connective tissue lining the outside the bone, connected by sharpey's fibers
osteoblasts-secrete bone matrix
diaphysis- shaft of bone containing medullary cavity
epiphysis- ends of bone containing epiphyseal plate/line and spongy bone
spongy bone- built to support stress in bone
compact bone- outer layer of bone made up of trabeculae
growth
length- takes place in epiphyseal plate between diaphysis and epiphysis
hypertrophic zone- older chondrocytes grow in size
calcification zone- the cartilage matrix is calcified and replaced letting blood vessels move in.
proliferation zone- fast growth pushes epiphyses away from diaphysis
ossification zone- the calcified cartilage matrices gaps are filled in by marrow. osteoclasts erod it partially and osteoblasts cover it with new bone
width
osteoblasts secrete bone matrix in the periosteum
osteoclasts in the endosteum remove bone from the diaphysis
more growth takes place than removal to make the bone stronger but is limited to prevent heavy bones
remodel
osteoblasts deposit osteoid which is then calcified and combined with phosphorous to form crystal structures.
PTH boost osteoclast use, and calcitonin restricts osteoclast use
osteoclast accomplis bone resorption through h+ and lysosomal enzymes
wolff's law says the bone will grow due to demands placed on it. stress is either weight bearing down or muscles pulling
formation
endochondral ossification
periosteal bud moves into internal cavities and spongy bone forms
diaphysis elongates and the medullary cavity forms. secondary ossification starts forming the epiphysis
cartilage calcifies in the middle of diaphysis then develops cavities
epiphyses ossifies completely leaving hyaline cartilage in epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages
bone collar forms around hyaline cartilage blob
intramembranous ossification
osteoid is secreted and calcified
immature spongy bone and periosteum form
compact bone replaces immature spongy bone and just deep to periosteum red marrow forms.
ossification centers develop inside fibrous connective tissue
healing
fibrocartilaginous callus forms
bony callus forms
hematoma forms
bone remodeling occurs
bone fractures
compression- bone is crushed
epiphyseal- epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal line
depressed- bone is pressed inward
greenstick- incomplete break
spiral-ragged break due to twisting force
comminuted- fragmentation
bone break
the boy is 12 so the epiphyseal plate is still growing
has little to no calcium in his diet making his bones frail
body pulls what little calcium he has for muscle and nervous system functions
his poor diet will make bone healing and remodeling difficult
comminuted fracture
location of the break at the joint near the epiphyseal plate
if the bone isn't set right it will be crooked and the joint difficult to use
if the epiphyseal plate stops growing this arm will be shorter than the other so growth hormones might be used to aid growth.
open fracture- infection is possible