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PSY 101 - Midterm (1) (why psychology (History (1 (pre-scientific…
PSY 101 - Midterm (1)
why psychology
behaviors
describe
predict
explain
control
Better world
improve
health and well-being
capacity to learn and grow
relationships
History
1
pre-scientific thinking
Buddha
Suffering is influenced by perception and sensation
Confucius
power of ideas
Hippocrates & Galen
4 basic substances
black bile
Melancholic
phlegm
Phlematic
yellow bile
Choleric
blood
Sanguineous
2
Philosophical roots
Socrate
Body / Mind = 2
Knowledge innate
Aristotle
knowledge NOT innate
knowledge = experiences
Plato
knowledge innate
knowledge = introspection
Descartes
body material VS mind immortal
pineal gland
Hypothesis for movement
Fluid in brain flows to muscles
Bacon & Locke
TABULA RASA
knowledge = experiences
science = observation and experimentation
Pythogoras
Dualist
relation between psy & phys.
3
1st experiments
Atoms of mind
Wilhelm Wundt
time lag stimulus vs reaction
individual differences
Darwin
natural selection = survival
sensorimotor test
Francis Galton
control capacity = intelligence
1st psychometric lab
4
early school
Structuralism
WHAT of human
structural elements
via introspection
Wundt & Titchener
Funtionalism
HOW and WHY of humans
explore functions and processes
William James
5
Psycho. construction
Women
Mary Calkins
1st psycho. lab
first female APA president
Helen Thompson Wolley
no differences in gender intelligence
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
menstrual cycle NOT debilitating
In CANADA
Mark Baldwin
With Wundt
1st lab in Canada (Toronto)
perspectives
Gestalt
Max Wertheimer
perception = see a whole
ink blot
Psychodynamic
Freud & Jung
unconscious mind
Id
Ego
Superego
Conscious
aware of
Preconscious
storage of memories
Unconscious
outside of awareness
Reveal memories
free association
Dreams analysis
Slips of tongue
Hypnosis
Apperception test
Eros (life)
VS
Thanatos (death)
Psychosexual stage
Mouth
Oral
(0-18 months)
Control body
Anal
(18 - 36 months)
genitals
Phallic
(3 - 6 years)
dormant
Lattency
(6-12 years)
maturation
Genital (12+)
Oedipus vs Elektra complexes
Defense mechanisms
Repression
Regression
Reaction formation
displacement
rationalisation
Behaviorism
Classical conditionning
Pavlov
stimulus association
Operant conditionning
Skinner
consequences association
Humanistic
Needs fulfilment
Maslow
physiological
security
attachment
self-esteem
self-actualization
unconditional positive regard
acceptance despite failings