Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Answers (X-Rays, Blood Transfusions, Aseptic Surgery., Operating theatres…
Answers
- X-Rays, Blood Transfusions, Aseptic Surgery.
- Operating theatres and wards were thoroughly cleaned, Surgeons and nurses wore sterilised clothing, Sterilised cloths covered surfaces and equipment.
- Motor Ambulances were first sent to the western front in 1915. The main problem was that they got stuck in the mud.
- Trench Construction - The first trenches were hurriedly dug by troops. They often used existing ditches or banks to make it easier. The trenches were constantly maintained and improved, for example, with drains and steps added. Terrain and transport - Terrain varied in different places and according to weather conditions. It could be very difficult to get around where there was deep mud and water logging, and craters and holes from explosions. The trenches themselves could be muddy and very crowded.
- Trench fever produced flu-like symptoms, which could last for months and keep reoccurring. It was caused by lice so, in 1918, troops were deloused, which reduced cases.
- Head injuries were unexpectedly common and were mostly caused by shrapnel. By late 1915, the soldiers' soft caps were replaced by Brodie helmets, which reduced head wounds.
-
4) Base Hospitals were situated near ports on the coast. They had many medical staff, including doctors who specialised i certain treatments. Patients could stay for some time before returning to the front or being sent home by ship for further treatment.
1) The Regimental Aid Post was close to the front line. The Regimental Medical officer was helped by stretcher-bearers in administrating first aid. He sent more serious injuries on to the next stage.
3) Casualty Clearing Stations were larger and better equipped, were situated in buildings several miles from the front line, and were staffed by doctors and nurses who prioritised treating life-threatening injuries to men who had a chance of survival. They became the most important place for efforts to reduce risk of infection until March 1918, when base hospitals regained that role.
2) The Field Ambulance was a mobile medical unit of the RAMC, which set up dressing stations. They were about a mile back from the front line in derelict buildings, dugouts or tents. These stations were staffed by medical officers, orderlies and stretcher-bearers and, from 1915, some nurses. They could look after men for a week. Serious cases were sent straight to the CSS.
- Casualty Clearing Stations were situated i buildings several miles from the front line, and were staffed by doctors and nurses who prioritised treating life-threatening injuries to men who had a chance of survival.
- The Thomas Splint - From December 1915, The Thomas Splint was widely used and reduced the death rate from broken limbs to fewer than 20%. This was because the splint kept the leg rigid which reduced blood loss. Previously, 80% of soldiers with broken legs died.
- Geoffrey Keynes did Blood Transfusions
- In preparation for the battle of Cambrai in 1917, Oswald Hope Robertson stored 22 units of blood in what he called the first 'blood depot'. He used it to treat Canadian soldiers suffering from shock and demonstrated its potential.
- Harvey Cushing did brain surgery
- The large number of fatal injuries led to huge improvements in plastic surgery, led by Harold Gillies who worked at the Queen's Hospital in Kent.
- The RAMC was the Royal Army Medical Corps. They ran Field ambulances and created the chain of evacuation to move wounded men who had a chance of surviving to medical areas.
- The FANY was the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry. They ran a mobile soup kitchen and a mobile bathing vehicle, staffed hospitals and convalescent homes, ran a hospital canteen and organised concerts for the troops.
- The battles that we need to know are: The three battles of Ypres - October - November 1914, April - May 1915, July - November 1917, The battle of the Somme - July - November 1916, And the battle of Cambrai - November - December 1917.
Questions
What three medical breakthroughs were made in the early C20th which led to medical advancements in the British sector of the Western Front? (3 marks)
-
When were the first motor ambulances sent to the Western Front? What were the problems with the motor ambulances? (2 marks)
-
-
-
-
-
What came into use in 1916 which increased survival rates for gunshot and shrapnel wound from 20% to 82%? (1 mark)
-
What was the significance of the Battle of Cambrai in the advancement of the storage of blood? (1 mark)
-
Who was largely responsible for the development of plastic surgery? Where was plastic surgery carried out? (2 marks)
-
-
-
-