Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Skeletal System by Sarah Heard period 6 (Bone fracture (Greenstick (Bones…
Skeletal System by Sarah Heard period 6
Names of bones
Axial
Cranium
Temporal
Above ear
Encloses and protects fragile brain tissue
Occipital
back of head
Parietal
Top sides of head
Sphenoid
forms floor of skull
Frontal
Forehead
Ethmoid
Forms roof of nasal cavity and medial portion of orbital cavity
Sutures
Lambdoidal
between occipital & parietal bones
Coronal
between frontal & parietal bones
Sagittal
between two parietal bones
Squamos
between & parietal bones
Bones of face
Nasal
Nose
Palatine
together w/ maxilla forms, hard palate (roof of mouth)
Zygomatic
Cheek bone
Lacrimal
medial of eye socket
Mandible
lower jaw bone
Inferior conchae
wall of nasal cavity
Maxilla
upper jaw bone
Vomer
Midline of nasal cavity
Hyoid
attachment for tongue muscle
sits base of jaw
not attached to any bone
Apendicular
Arm
Ulna
Medially; attached to wrist bones on pinky finger side
Radius
Laterally; attached to wrist bones on thumb side
Hand
Metacarpals
Bones of palm of hand
Phalanges
Finger bones
Carpals
wrist bones (8 bones)
Humerus
pelvic girdle
Coxal bone (hip)
Composed of three fused bones
Ischium
"sit down bone"
ilium
Lateral portion; forms majority of bone
Pubis
anterior portion
Lower limb
Leg
Tibia
attached medially to big toe
Fibula
Lateral to little toe
Foot
Tarsals
ankle bones
Metatarsals
bones sole of foot
Phalanges
toes
Calcaneus
heel bone
Talus
superior to calcaneus, tiba rests on top
Thigh
Femur
attached to coxal bone proximally
attached to tibia (shinbone) distally
Disorders
Sprain
most common in ankle
Type 1
slight stretch
ligaments or tendons reinforcing joints are torn or stretched
Type 2
partial tear to ligament or tendon
Type 3
complete tear to ligament or tendon
Inflammatory conditions of joints
Arthritis
Inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints
most wide spread in use
Osteoarthritis
Most common chronic arthritis
related to normal aging, physical trauma, or repetitive motion
Tendonitis
inflammation of tendon sheaths
Rheumatoid
the immune system attacks the joints
often leads to deformities
Bursitis
inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
Gouty Arthritis
Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the blood
Osteoporosis
affects long bones and spine
caused by poor calcium diet, lack of vitamin D
Bone thinning disease
anatomy of long bone
Periosternum
Tough sheath that covers the bone
Endosternum
Single layer of bone forming
Articular Cartilage
Cartilage that forms over the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
Found on ends of long bone
Reduce friction
Medullary Cavity
Marrow cavity space within the diaphysis
Metaphysis
Where the epiphysis meets diaphysis
Hyaline Cartilage
Type of cartilage found in the articular cartilage
Epiphysis
The distal and proximal end of the body
Sponge bone is found in
Diaphysis
Com[act bone is found in
Bone's shaft or body
Leg, Arm, Forearm, and Thigh bone
Bone fracture
Impacted
Broken bone is forced into each other
Spiral
Ragged break from a twisting force applied to bone
Depressed
Bone is pressed inward or dented in
Greenstick
Bones break in completely
common in children
Compression
Bone is crushed and collapsed on itself
Comminuted
broken into more than 3 pieces
Reduction
Bone is set, realigned and immobilized by cast or traction
Hematoma
Blood-filled swelling caused by the broken blood vessels, deprives bone cells of nutrients and die
First step in bone healing
Bony Callus
Replaces fibrocartilage callus by actions of osteoblast and osteoclasts
is remodeled to form a permanent patch
Fibrocartilage Callus
Mass of repair tissue forms a splint to close the gap in
BONE FRACTURE REPAIR
Types of bones
Flat
Pariental
Nasal
Frontal
Vomer
Occipital
Hip
Irregular
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygomatic
Temporal
Ethmoid
Spheroid
Hyoid
Long
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Short
Calcaneus
Talas
Patella
Carpals
Synovial Joints
Saddle Joint
Thumb Joint
Back and fourth and side to side
Hinge Joint
Knee and elbow
Back ad fourth
Gliding Joint
Carpals
Only small shifting movements possible
Condyloid Joint
Metacarpals
Pivot Joint
Neck
Rotate around the other
Ball and Socket
Moves in all planes
Hips and shoulders
Diathroses
Freely moveable joint
Amphiathroses
Slightly movable joint
Synarthroses
Immovable Joint
Def: Where 2 bones are connected
Microscopic compact bone tissue
Perforating
Canal perpendicular to central canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Lacunae
Cavities containing bone cells(osteocytes)
Central (Haversian) Canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Lamallae
Rings around the central canal
Sites of lacunae
Osten
Haversian system
A unit of bone
Canaliculi
Tiny canals radiating from lacunae
Bone remodeling
Ossification
Intramembranous
Occurs directly in connective tissue
Flat bones of skull mandible, ribs, & clavicles
Endochondral
In embryos, skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage
Most common method
Occurs in long, short, and irregular
Bone growth
epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood
Older cartilage becomes ossified
Appositional growth
Bone is continually being broken down & changed in shape
Balance between actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
Osteoclasts
Bone destroying cells
Pelvis
Male
Narrower and heart- shaped
less than 90 degrees
Female
larger & rounder
More than 90 degrees
Shallower and lighter
sacrum shorter
Joints
Syndemos
Cartlaginous
bones connected by cartilage
Fibrous
Bones united by fibrous tissue
synovial
is found in the joint cavity
structural classification
Cartilaginous
immoveable of sightly moveable
Synovial
Freely moveable
Fibrous
generally moveable
Functional Classification
Amphiarthroses
sightly moveable joints
Diathoses
freely moveable joints
Synarthroses
immovable joints
Body
Vertebral Column
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Upper back
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Lower back
Axis
C2
Sacrum (5 fused)
Small of back, between coal bones
Atlas
C1
Coccyx (4 fused)
Tail bone
Cervical (C1-C7)
Neck
Ribs
Floating Ribs (last 2)
no sternal attachments
False ribs (next 5)
indirectly attached to sternum
True ribs (first 7)
attach directly to sternum to form rib cage by costal cartilage
Connects with thoracic vertebrae and sternum to form rib cage