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skeletal system (anatomy of long bone (arteries, compact bone, sharpey'…
skeletal system
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bone fracture repair
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Reduction: bone is set, realigned, and immobilized by cast or traction
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ends of bone, mostly spongy bone
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covers external surface of epiphyses, reduces friction, made of hyaline cartilage
outside covering of diaphysis, fibrous connective tissue membrane
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cavity of shaft, contains yellow (fat) marrow in adults
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outer layer of bone along diaphysis, highly packed with bone
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rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae
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canal perpendicular to central canal, carries blood vessels & nerves
typically longer than wide, have a shaft with heads @ both ends
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thin & flattened, usually curved
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articular cartilages are flat, they have short slipping & gliding movements
ex: intercarpal & intervertebral joints
egg-shaped bone fits into oval concavity, movement back & forth or side to side
in 2 planes ex: knuckle joints
rounded end of one bone fits into ring of bone, has rotational movement
ex: atlas & axis joint, proximal radioulnar joint
cylindrical end of bone fits into trough- shaped surface,angular movement in 1 plane
both bones have concave & convex areas, same movement as condyloid
ex: carpometacarpal joint of thumb
ex: elbow or knee joint, interphalangeal joint
spherical head of one one fits into round socket of another, movement in any plane including rotation
ex: shoulder and hip joints
larger, rounder, shallower, & lighter ilia flare more lateral
sacrum shorter & less curved
ischial spine shorter, farther apart with larger outlet
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bones united by fibrous tissue, generally immovable
ex: suture
bones connected by cartilage, immovable or slightly movable
ex: intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis
found in joint cavity, most common, freely movable
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replaces fibrocartilage callus by actions of osteoblast & osteoclasts, remodeled to form permanent patch
small needle-like pieces of bone in pattern called trabeculae, found at ends of bone & inner bone, spaces within contain red marrow
bone thinning disease that makes bone fragile & break easily, affects long bones & spine, caused by poor calcium diet, lack of vitamin D, & low levels of estrogen in women
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most common chronic arthritis, related to normal aging processes, physical trauma, or repetitive motion
inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints, most widespread crippling disease in America
inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from blood, can be controlled by diet & limit of alcohol
immune system attacks joints, symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints, often leads to deformities
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attachment for ribs, no hole
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1-7, attach directly to sternum to from rib cage
next 5 pairs, indirectly attached to sternum
last 2 pairs of false ribs, no sternal attachment
tibia (shinbone): attached medially to ankle bone, weight bearing bone
fibula: lateral (little toe), not weight-bearing
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talus: superior to calcaneus, tibia rests on top
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lateral portion, forms majority of bone
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ulna: medially, attached to wrist bones on pinky finger side
radius: laterally, attached to wrist bones on thumb side
humerus, attached to scapula proximally & ulna distally
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