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Genetic Change (KEY DEFINITIONS (ALLELE FREQUENCY: number of each allele…
Genetic Change
KEY DEFINITIONS
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GENETIC DIVERSITY/VARIATION: The range of different alleles and the combination of these alleles in a gene pool
GENETIC CHANGE: the change in allele frequencies of a gene pool, over time
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: changes in biological characteristics over time in the allele frequencies of a population
evolutionary processes do NOT result in individuals to change, HOWEVER populations of individuals change over time
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Mutations
Mutations are a permanent change in the base sequence of DNA, which can result in NEW alleles entering a gene pool
Mutations which are inherited occur in germline cells, which creates gametes, however these gametes must be fertilised in order to enter the gene pool
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Natural Selection
Natural selection is when a selection pressure acts on a population causing organisms with favourable alleles, best suited to the environment, to survive and reproduce.
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LINK TO EVOLUTION
-Favourable alleles selected FOR, increasing in frequency in the gene pool
Unfavourable alleles selected AGAINST, decreasing in frequency in the gene pool
Over many generations, favourable alleles are passed down, which can result in evolution and/or speciation
Overall, decreased variation WITHIN SAME population, increased variation BETWEEN DIFFERENT populations