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Latin American Independences (Haiti (Liberator: Toussaint Loveture,…
Latin American Independences
Haiti
Liberator: Toussaint Loveture
Toussaint Louveture led more than 100,000 enslaved people in revolt. They seized the control of la Hispaniola and the western part of it (these days called Haiti) became the first independent state in Latin America
Ecuador
Carlos Montúfar, Eugenio Espejo and Bishop Cuero y Calcedo
It was fought between 1820 and 1822. “Junta de Guayaquil” was stablished by the leaders of the movement and a combination of Venezuelan, Ecuadorian, and Peruvian pro-independence officers from the colonial Army, along with Ecuadorian intellectuals and patriots. They raised a military force with the purpose of defending the city and carrying the independence movement to the other provinces in the country.
Venezuela
Simón Bolivar
Started the revolt in Venezuela in 1810. Before becoming independent, Venezuela had a First republic composed by 10 of their provinces.
Argentina
Jose de San Martin
Liberated Argentina form Spanish rule in 1817
Chile
Jose de San Martin
The arrival of his forces surprised the Spanish forces in Chile, they fought the battle of Chacabuco in 1817 and were defeated
Peru
Jose de San Martin/ Simon Bolivar
After defeating the Spanish army in Chile, José de San Martín marched into Lima, Perú. He realized he couldn´t defeat the Spanish army by himself so he accepted Simón Bolivar help
Simón Bolivar and his forces crushed the Spanish army at Ayacucho
Brazil
Prince Regent Dom Pedro
Declared independence from Portugal in 1822 by signing a treaty with Portugal.
Cuba
Jose Marti
US had already annexed Cuban island before it could reach its independence. Cuba fought the Ten year war against the Spanish, even though Spain didn’t recognize its independence. It wasn´t until the signing of the Treaty of Paris that US and Spain agreed to grant Cuba its freedom 1902. The Platt Amendment allowed US to stablish military bases in Cuba. 1903 at Guantanamo.