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Population Genetics and Evolution (Speciation (divergent (reproductive…
Population Genetics and Evolution
Population Genetics
allele change within a population
species
population concept
type concept
gene pool
cross over = genetic variation
mutation
accidental changes
environmental changes
man made or natural
artificial selection
purpose
intention planning
voluntary decision making
natural selection
two conditions
more offspring produced than can survive
progeny alleles differ from each other
multiple selection pressures
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accidental allele loss
advantage vs cost
Rates of Evolution
not always slow: rapid changes include
loss of a structure
metabolism
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Speciation
phyletic
gene flow: movement of alleles through space
pollen transfer
seed dispersal
vegetative propagation
divergent
reproductive isolation
abiological barriers
allopatric/geographic speciation
physical divide into populations that cannot interbreed
biological barriers
sympatric speciation
reproductively isolated in same habitat
prezygotic isolation
no pollination or fertilization occurs
internal isolation barriers
hybrid sterility
hybrid inviability
adaptive radiation
founder
few selective agents
genetic drift
rapid, erratic gene pool change from accidents
convergent
two unrelated species evolve to resemble each other
only phenotype, not genotype converge.
Evolution and the Origin of Life
chemosynthesis
chemicals
1st atmosphere replaced by 2nd atmosphere
2nd atmosphere was reducing atmosphere
oxidizing atmosphere
chemosynthetic production
polymer formation
energy
UV & gamma radiation
heat
electricity
time
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unlimited
aggregation & organization
RNA: 1st heritable info
evolution of glycolysis
