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BONE FRACTURE OF 12 YEARS OLD BOY (BONE FRACTURES (SIMPLE: NOT PROTRUDING,…
BONE FRACTURE OF 12 YEARS OLD BOY
ANATOMY OF LONG BONES
DIAPHYSIS: SHAFT CONTAINS MEDULLARY CAVITY
IN ADULTS, YELLOW BONE MARROW INSIDE
IN CHILDREN, RED BONE MARROW INSIDE
EPIPHYSIS: 2 ENDS OF THE BONE
OUTER LAYER IS COMPACT BONE
INNER REGION IS SPONGY BONE
METAPHYSIS CONTAINS GROWTH PLATE
EPIPHYSEAL LINE IN ADULTS
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE/DISK IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT
BONES FORMATION
INTRAMEMBRANOUS IN SKULL AND CLAVICLES
NO DIFFERENTIATION ; MESENCHYMAL CELLS CLUSTER AND FORM OSSIFICATION CENTER
OSTEOBLASTS SECRETE OSTEOID, MATURE AND BECOME OSTEOCYTES
TRABECULA FORMS FROM OSTEOID AND CAPILLARIES; MESENCHYME BECOME PERIOSTEUM
COMPACT BONE FORMS AND PROTECT TRABECULA; SQUISHED CAPILLARIES BECOME RED BONE MARROW
ENDOCHONDRIAL IN LONG BONES
MESENCHYMAL CELLS DIFFERENTIATE
HYALINE CARTILAGE MODEL DEVELOPS
CARTILAGE CALCIFIES AND PERIOSTEAL BONE COLLAR FORMS AROUND DIAPHYSIS
PRIMARY OSSIFICATION FORMS IN DIAPHYSIS
SECONDARY OSSIFICATION FORMS IN EPIPHYSIS
BONE REMODELLING
RESORPTION OF BONE MATRIX BY OSTEOCLASTS; AFTER COMPLETION, UNDERGO APOPTOSIS
DEPOSITION OF BONE MATRIX BY OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOID BECOMES CALCIFIED BY CALCIUM SALTS
STAGES OF BONE HEALING
HEMATOMA
FIBROCARTILAGINOUS CALLUS
BONE CALLUS
BONE REMODELLING
RAW MATERIALS FOR BONE GROWTH AND REPAIR
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM
PHOSPHORUS
SALTS
VITAMIN D AND K
MAGNESIUM AND FLUORIDE
HORMONES
GROWTH HORMONES
SEXUAL HORMONES
THYROID HORMONES
PARATHYROID HORMONES
CALCITONIN AND CALCITRIOL
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE LOCATION AND FUNCTION
LOCATED IN LONG BONE
AT EPIPHYSEAL SIDE, ALLOWS CARTILAGE GROWTH
AT DIAPHYSEAL SIDE, ALLOWS BONE GROWTH IN LENGTH
4 ZONES
PROLIFERATIVE
HYPERTROPHIC
CALCIFICATION
OSSIFICATION
BONE FRACTURES
SIMPLE: NOT PROTRUDING
COMPOUND: OUT THROUGH SKIN
COMMINUTED: MULTIPLE PIECES
GREENSTICK: INCOMPLETE WITH SPLINTERING
COMPLETE: SEPARATED IN 2 PIECES
INCOMPLETE: NOT SEPARATED
PATHOLOGICAL: FROM DISEASE
TRAUMATIC: FROM TRAUMA, STRESS
SPIRAL: FROM TWISTING ACTION
FISSURED: INCOMPLETE LONGITUDINAL BREAK
BONE GROWTH
INTERSTITIAL GROWTH AT EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
PROLIFERATION: MITOSIS
HYPERTROPHIC: OLD CHONDROCYTES ENLARGEMENT
CALCIFICATION OF MATRIX; CHONDROCYTES DIE AND MATRIX DETERIORATES
OSSIFICATION: NEW BONE FORMATION
APPOSITIONAL GROWTH WITHIN PERIOSTEUM
OSTEOCLASTS RESORB BONE ON THE ENDOSTEUM
OSTEOBLASTS PRODUCE NEW BONE TISSUE BENEATH THE PERIOSTEUM
INCREASED DIAMETER OF MEDULLARY CAVITY
DIRECT CAUSE OF FRACTURE
: POOR DIET, MINERALS INSUFFIENCY, CALCIUM DEFICIENCY
INDIRECT CAUSE OF FRACTURE
: FALL
FRACTURE AND EFFECTS
COMPOUND AND COMMINUTED FRACTURE OF HIS BRACHIAL
LACK OF MINERALS SUCH AS CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE SALTS CAUSE BONES TO BE WEAK AND VERY EASY TO SNAP.
CHILD'S DIET LACKS GOOD NUTRIENTS FOR HIS BODY BECAUSE HE EATS ONLY PROCESS AND JUNK FOOD.
DAMAGE OF HIS EPIDERMIS, DERMIS AND HYPODERMIS
BROKEN SYNOVIAL JOINTS AT ELBOW AND POSSIBLE DAMAGE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE, LIGAMENTS AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND FLUID
POSSIBLE DAMAGE OF MUSCLE, BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES
EXCESSIVE BLEEDING