“Women as Leaders” –Amy Jacques Garvey
Amy Garvey was the wife to Marcus Garvey whom deeply believed and advocated for black people and more specifically black women to take a stand in their individual identities as African American people. Under these black nationalistic and pan-africanistic ideas she addressed the role for a black woman to uphold their black men and understand that it imperative for black women to take lead in guiding black men and the African American culture to a victory of self-sufficiency. In “Women as Leaders” she zealously mocks the movement of white women uniting with their white husbands, but while aggressively attacking gender-based roles within their community. Garvey felt as though black women should take heed to this empowering nature and no longer be the overly submissive to their black men, while building a united village within the black nation. “White women are rallying all their forces and uniting regardless of national boundaries to save their race from destruction, and preserve its ideals for posterity. . . . White men have begun to realize that as women are the backbone of the home, so can they, by their economic experience and their aptitude for details, participate effectively in guiding the destiny of nation and race.”
“The doll-baby type of woman is a thing of the past, and the wide-awake woman is forging ahead prepared for all emergencies, and ready to answer any call, even if it be to face the cannons on the battlefield.”
“Breaking the Bars to Brotherhood,” Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary Mcleod Bethune advocated for the rights of black people whether it was educational, racial, or even civil. She was one of the top well known leading pioneers in the early 20th century. She also played a major part for the advancement of black women during these times. Throughout “Breaking the Bars to Brotherhood” is a speech addressing her acceptance for the Advancement of the Colored People. She was a black nationalist and started or represented many schools and organization for the very productivity of black people. “Who shall disseminate this truth? I would call tonight upon those who are starled, who have clearly in mind a purpose in life; who do not fear the struggle and the work which must needs be the lot of those who dare to live above the cloud of popular thought and limited desires.”
“The Negro Woman and the Ballot” Alice Dunbar-Nelson
Throughout this article Alice Dunbar-Nelson speaks on the importance and acknowledgement of black women during the voting rights movement and their presence as active voters after the approval for women to vote. She was a prominent black nationalist that spoke strongly on voting rights for black people specifically for black women, and was known to address sexuality as well.
“An End to the Neglect of the Problems of the Negro Woman!” Claudia Jones
Claudia Jones was well known for her advocacy of freeing black women from the triple oppression that we suffer from. This term addresses the despotism of black women from their race, class, and gender, creating the ultimate form of discrimination against us even to date. Ms. Jones was originally a member of the Communist Party in the early 20th century, but began to disagree with their rhetoric of not addressing black women’s triple oppression, and their approach to all black people’s problems. She also was a pan-africanist/black nationalist who spoke out against the well-known feminism movement for only adhering to white women needs and issues. Throughout this article she speaks on her beliefs of the triple oppression of black women. “Viewed in this light, it is not accidental that the American bourgeoisie has intensified its oppression, not only of the Negro people in general, but of Negro women in particular. Nothing so exposes the drive to fascination in the nation as the callous attitude which the bourgeoisie displays and cultivates toward Negro women. The vaunted boast of the ideologist of Big Business t
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