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Lecture 11: Managed nature (Parks & Zoos) (Zoos & aquariums (mixed…
Lecture 11: Managed nature (Parks & Zoos)
Urban parks and green spaces
Children and green spaces
Improved self-esteem
cognitive & social benefits
fosters concentration
direction sense
high sensory input
problem-solving
better motor coordination
Reduces symptoms of stress & disorders
spend more time outdoors
Place to play and learn abt one's environment & how to engage it
allows unstructured play
impt for child development
Roles
Impt aspect of social life and community
Regular location for exercise
Natural environments increase health & reduce crime
Reduces stress and noise
Psychological benefits to community
Conflicting attitudes among ppl over maintaining safety of area & maintaining wildness of area
Preferred aspects of parks
feels natural
rich in species
Provides refuge
feeling of being away
Places designed to bring ppl in contact with nature elements of the environment in a safe and comfortable way
Jorgensen et al 2010 study
1.Street scene 2. Park scene 3. Manicured nature 4. Wild nature
Park scene reduced scores of depression and tension associated with stressor
presented pictures of diff environments
Manicure and wild scenes increase vigour reports
exposed subjects to stressor (scary movie) & measured aspects of mood
All nature scenes increased feeling of connectedness & considered better places for relaxation
Zoos & aquariums
Roles
Education
community center for educational programs
Teacher conventions
educate abt animals & their needs
Provide funding and do research for conservation
Recreation
major way that ppl experience nature
Very high visitor rates
Moral issues
divided on whether can be used for mere human entertainment & recreation
ppl are more accepting when
close to animals
animals are in natural-appearing settings
learning things
creates stress from confinement & exposure to humans
foster interest and concern towards animals
only place where laymen can observe & learn first-hand abt wildlife
zoos promote environmental & conservation-friendly attitudes in visitors
not allowing natural behavioural patterns due to confinement
Bring ppl into view of an unfamiliar world
Reasons for visiting
education less of a reason but impt to some
fun & leisure
5 types of visitors SPEEF
Professional/hobbyist
experience seeker
facilitator
spiritual pilgrim
explorer
how zoos maximise experience
Animal shows about conservation
Emotionally engaging animals
make use of natural settings
persuade & highlight conservation issues
interactive experiences (eg. "touch table")->ppl more likely to support conservation
working & volunteering at zoos strongly linked to conservation values
mixed results on impact on ppl
interactions with animals can increase concern
ppl reflect on similarities & diff->connect with nature
zoo visitors report more humanistic attitudes to nature
High variability in impact across visitors
long-term study showed no evidence of increased knowledge
tends to reinforce what ppl alrdy believe