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Business Ethics (Moral Developmental Stages (3.Relationship focused…
Business Ethics
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Moral Disengagement
Moral justification - Detrimental conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it as serving socially worthy or moral purposes
Euphemistic labeling - Use euphemistic language to make harmful conduct respectable and to reduce personal responsibilities
Disregard Consequences - When people pursue activities that are harmful to others for reasons of personal gain or social pressure, they avoid facing the harm they cause or they minimize it
Diffusion of responsibilites - sometimes a social arrangement is set up so tahth the personal agency in engaging in detrimental behavior is obscured by diffusing responsibility among multiple individuals.
Attribution of blame - After hurting others, people tend to blame the victims for bringing suffering on themselves
Dehumanization - Stripping the target of human qualities, because perceiving a person as having common humanity activates empathy, which makes it difficult to mistreat him/her
Universal ethical values - There is a set ethical values that can be found across different countries and cultures
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Moral Philosophy
Deontology : The ethicality of a behavior lies in its consistency with a set of established rules, regardless of its consequences
Kantian Ethics : The ethicality of a behaviour lies in the intention behind the behaviour, and only acts done with the right intent are moral
Consequentialism : The ethicality of a behavior lies in its consequences: worse consequences=more unethical
Moral emotions - the emotions linked to the interests or welfare either of society as a whole or at least of persons other than the judge or agent
Guilt - More associated with a specific behavior that failed morally, whereas shame is more associated with one's overall identity that failed morally - Leads to remorse and other-oriented empathy and increases confession, apology and corrective behavior
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Definition
A particular type of social value, that having to do with how humans cooperate and coordinate their activities in the service of furthering human welfare, and how they adjudicate conflicts among individual interests
Pride
An emotion generated by appraisals that one is responsible for a socially valued outcome or for being a social valued person
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Moral elevation
A positive emotion elicited when observing others behaving in a particular virtuous, commendable, or superhuman way
Moral Dilemma - A decision where you need to choose one from two or more actions that have moral implications.
Necessary Evil - Tasks in which a person must knowingly and intentionally cause emotional or physical harm to another human being in the service of achieving some perceived greater good or purpose ( Laying off employees, discipling others, terminating contracts, Delivering negative performance reviews )
Moral Disengagement - A set of psychological and social mechanisms that disengage self-sanctions from unethical conduct