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HISTORY MIND MAP (OTHER IMPORTANT CIVILISATIONS (VANDALS- Germanic tribe,…
HISTORY MIND MAP
OTHER IMPORTANT CIVILISATIONS
VANDALS- Germanic tribe, in north Africa from 429 until 543 BC
FRANKS- Germanic tribe invaded roman empire during the 5th century.
OSTROGOTHS- they established the Gothic kingdom of Italy in the early 5th century.
ANGLES AND SAXONS- from northern Germany that invaded and settled in Britain early in the 5th century
VISIGOTHS- invaded roman territories repeatedly and founded kingdoms in Gowl, Spain and France.
HUNS- central Asia, skilled archers and horseriders
VIKINGS- from Scandinavia in late 6th century
ARAB TRIBES- number of tribes from the middle east. Moved to Egypt and parts of northern Africa from 642BC. Spreading the religion of Islam.
HISTORICAL CONCEPTS
PERSPECTIVES- a point of view. The position people see the way events are happening in the world around them.
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE- some things staying the same and others changing. Aspects that have remained the same are continuity's. Aspects that have changed are changes.
CAUSE AND EFFECT- aims to identify, examine and analyse the reasons why events have occurred. An example of this is "heavy rain over many weeks (cause) leads to flooding and the destruction of crops (effect)". Also known as reasons or outcomes.
EVIDENCE- is information gathered from historical sources.There are two types of sources; primary and secondary.
PRIMARY SOURCES- objects created or written at the time of the event. Examples include: photographs, newspapers, official documents, and diaries and letters.
SECONDARY SOURCES- accounts of the past created after the specific time period. Examples include: websites, encyclopedia entries, documentaries and textbooks.
EMPATHY- this means to "walk in someone else's shoes" meaning, try to understand what someone else is feeling. Try to see things from there perspective.
SIGNIFICANCE- relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past. To determine the significance of something/ someone they might ask the following questions. How many people were affected?
How widespread and long term were the effects?
Can the effects still be felt today?
CONTESTIBILITY- relates to explanations or interpretations of past events that are open to debate.
IMPORTANT DATES ( TIMELINE)
476 BC- ROMAN EMPIRE FALLS- START OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD.
813 BC- CHARLEMAGNE DIES
1066 BC- BATTLE OF HASTINGS
1096 BC FIRST CRUSADE
1215 BC- MAGNA CARTA WAS SIGNED
1347 BC- BLACK DEATH BEGINS
1381 BC- PEASANTS REVOLT.
THE SOCIAL HIERARCHY- the social hierarchy was a system of ensure every citizen of medieval Europe new there place in the world. The structure kept order to all of Europe.
THE POPE/CHURCH- they were at the top of the social hierarchy. They collected taxes, did not have to pay taxes, owned 75% of all land and they were very wealthy.
THE KING- the king was second on the hierarchy. The king kept 25% of the land to himself, administered the country, planned and fought wars, fended of challengers to the throne.
THE NOBLES/KNIGHTS AND VASSALS- they were third on the hierarchy. There job was to protect lords when they needed it and fought fir the king.
MERCHANTS/ CRAFTSMEN/ FARMERS- they were fourth on the hierarchy. There job was to trade goods, make goods, cattle, meat, fruit and veges.
PEASANTS AND SERFS- they were at the bottom of the hierarchy. There job was to work the land, pay fees and pay taxes.
KEY FEATURES IN THE MEDIEVAL WORLD
BELIEF SYSTEMS AND RELIGION- the foundation of what all society was built on. It influenced what people ate, drank, clothes they wore. There beliefs of the world were all influenced by religion.
GOVERNMENTS, LAWS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES- they helped create order, define the roles and responsibilities of all citizens, and set out systems for reward and punishment.
CONFLICT BETWEEN SOCIETIES- any battle or war. Most battles and wars were lead and started with a desire for power and wealth. Some significant battles of this period include: the battle of Hastings and the crusades.
TRADE BETWEEN SOCIETIES- trade was a way of exchanging goods, services and ideas.
DAILY LIFE IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE.
FASHION- the clothes of the wealthy were almost always custom made. Women wore long garmets, elaborate sleeves and headgear. Men wore tunics, stockings, cloaks and fancy hats. The clothes of the poor were drab and dull in colour.
HYGIENE- peasants washed in a dish of cold water. The rich used scented oils, rose petals or herbs such as rosemary, spearmint or cinnamon to purify the air while bathing. Dental hygiene was non existent for both the rich and the poor.
FOOD
RICH DIET- cows, pigs, sheep, fish, fruit, soft cheese, eggs, coloured jellies, vegetables, soups, salads, white bread, pies and tarts. Drinks included: ale, wine or honey water.
POOR DIET- stews, grainy bread, vegetables and fruits, milk, hard cheese, porridge, nuts from the Forrest.
ENTERTAINMENT- banquets were held for the women. For the men: hunting, falconry, playing chess. Some more for the women included: embroidering, stitching tapestries, listening to musical performances.
IMPORTANT BATTLES AND WARS
THE CRUSADES- the crusades were a series of religious wars fought between the Christians and the Muslims between 1096 and 1270 to gain control of the holy city of Jerusalem.
THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS- happened on the 14th October 1066. The forces and army of the newly crowned king of England (Harold Godwison) and Normandy (William the conqueror) fight for the English throne.
THE BLACK DEATH
SPREADING OF THE PLAGUE- the plague originated in china. It swept through medieval Europe between 1330 and 1331 and killed 100 million people. The plague was believed to be spread by parasites on fleas and fleas on rats and rats around humans.
SYMPTOMS- symptoms include: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, bleeding, skin turning black, boils and extreme weakness.