Populations and Ecosystems

Population

All individuals of a species that live in a particular area at the same time and can interact with one another

Community

All of the populations together

Ecosytem

Set of physical nonliving environmental factors of a region, plus the communities of organisms of that region

Habitat

Set of conditions in which an organism completes its life cycle

Pollinators critically important

Operational habitat

Aspects of the habitat that affects the plants constitute

Components

Abiotic

Biotic

Nonliving and physical phenomena: climate,soil,latitude,altitude

Living factors: plant itself, other plant species,

Disturbances such as fire, floods, and alvanches

Species of animals, fungi, prostists and prokaryotes

Relationships

Commensal

One species benefits and the other is unaffected

Predation

One species benefits and other is harmed

Mutualism

Both species benefit

Competition

Disadvantageous to one or both

Random distributions

Distribution of individuals in the habitat with no obvious pattern

Clumped distribution

Spacing between plants is either small large but rarely average

Uniform distribution #

all individuals are evenly spaced from their neighbors

image1018 Random, uniform, and clumped distribution

Physiognomic structure #

Physical size AND shape of organism

Distribution in relation to each other and to the physical environment

Life forms

Classification in the way that plants are adapted morphologically for surviving stressful seasons

Placing buds below ground

Winterizing aerial buds

Temporal structure

Changes that an ecosystem undergoes with time

As short as a day

Seasons or decades

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Structure characteristics

Result from intraspecies competition

Allelochemics

Allelopathy

Species composition #

Number and diversity of species that coexist in an ecosystem

Depends on whether the climate is mild or stressful, soil is rich or poor, and the species tolerance ranges are broad or narrow

Trophic levels

Feeding levels

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Decomposers

Herbivore trophic level

Coexist in an ecosystem