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L11 - Healthcare and Policy through Epidemiological Research
Must know…
L11 - Healthcare and Policy through Epidemiological Research
Must know the discussion on knowledge translation - questions in the exam*After completing this week's work, you will be able to:
- Understand the application of epidemiological research evidence to modern health care and policy;
- Describe the process of knowledge translation; and
- Identify processes for improving translation of research evidence to policy and practice.*
What is Epidemiology
The distribution and determinants of health related events, and how these can be controlled to improve health outcomesQuestions
- What causes a disease
- What makes people susceptible
- How disease spreads
What do we know from epidemiology
A great deal of the medical practice that we today take for granted as common sense, was once not so obvious. Washing hands for instance, antibiotics etc.
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Air Traveller's Thrombosis
Prolonged periods of seating increased the risk of resulting Deep Vein Thrombosis amongst air passengers => lack of movement assisted circulation
Endopthalmitis
Subconjunctival antibiotics now commonly administered during surgery, whereas before it was not. Absence of the antibiotic endangered the vision of patients => endophthalmitis
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Ignaz Semmelweis 1818-1865
Theories predated germ theory
Ignaz, postulated that the dirty clinic with autopsy side by side to birth beds were liked with disease.
Transmission of diseased residues via surgical tools which served as fomites
Eradication of Disease
Observed he protective effect of prior cow pox infection for small pox.
Milkmade complexion - beautiful because they did not get scarred by smallpox
Edward Jenner (1776)
Vaccination introduced (Vacca = cow) using cow pox to induce immunity to human small pox
Goldberger and Pellagra (1917)
Determined that pellagra was caused by diet, and not communicable as once thought. Dr Goldberger exposed volunteers to the blood/urine and faeces of pellagra lesions - no outbreak, concluded that this was likely due to dietary factors
Epidemiology Knowledge Translation
Epidemiology is not always translated into practice, this is because public policy is influenced by a myriad of factors, only one of which is research, first and foremost are economic and political consideratios
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"Help me, help you"
- stakeholders are aware of (and use) research evidence to inform their decision making
- research is informed by the experiences and needs of stakeholders
Governments only really jumped on board with anti-smoking campaigns when they realized how much money they were losing due to hospital bills. They were also encouraged by the taxation profit.
Key Concept in knowledge translation
Role of the researcher
- Advocate
- Advise
- Commission Work
- Partner
- Co-produce
1. Convincing Policy Makers
Ensuring that policy makers are convinced of the benefits they stand to experience after implementing these epidemiological findings findings
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