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Child is brought is with a bone fracture injury (Stages of healing…
Child is brought is with a bone fracture injury
Child fell foward and landed on arm
Never consumes dairy products
Will only eat burgers, hot dogs, spaghetti, and junk food
Child is lactose intolerant
Stages of healing
Hematoma forms
Fibrocartilaginous callous forms
Bony callous forms
Bone remodeling occurs
Bone formation
Embryo-majority cartilage
Ossification
Intramembranous
Mesenchymal cells-osteogenic and osteoblasts
Osteoblast cluster together-ossification center
Osteoblast secrete osteoid, trapping osteblasts, becoming osteocytes
Osteoid secreted around capillaries become periosteum
Compact bone is formed, trabecula protects
Endochondral
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes
Cartilage model and perichondrium form
Perichondrium transforms to periosteum, primary ossification center forms
Cartilage and chondrocytes continue to grow at ends of bones
Secondary ossification center forms
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Classification of bone fractures
Pathologic fracture-occurs in bones weakened by disease
Simple fracture-broken bone not breaking skin
Stress fracture-thin break caused by increased physical activity
Compound fracture-one or both ends of bone penetrate overlaying skin
Raw materials
Repair
Inorganic
Hydroxyapatite
Calcium+Vitamin D
Organic
Collagen
Vitamin K
Flouride
Omega 3 fatty acids
Growth
Hormones
Sex hormones
Dramatically accelerate bone growth
Parathyroid hormone
Stimulates osteoclast proliferation
Promotes calcium to be reabsorbed in kidney tubules
Thyroid hormone
Promotes osteoblastic activity/synthesis of bone matrix
Calcitriol(Vitamin D3)
Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate from GIT
Growth hormone
Increases calcium retention
Increases amino acid uptake by cells
Stimulates growth of cartilage of epiphyseal plate
Calcitonin
Inhibits osteoclast activity, stimulate uptake of Ca2+ into bone
Anatomy of bones
Osteogenic cells-derives from mesenchyme
Osteoblasts-bone formation, adds calcium to bone
Cell layers in periosteum and endosteum
Osteocytes-maintain concentration of bone
Entrapped in bone
Osteoblasts-bone resorption
Cell layers in periosteum and endosteum
Upper arm bone protruding from skin
Compound fracture
Exposure to germs that cause infection
Prompt treatment is critical
Nerve or blood supply injury
Seek emergency treatment if numbness or circulation problems occur
Possible surgery
RIght elbow appears broken
Uneven bone growth
Slow if any remodeling due to calcium deficiency
Appears to be bone fragments in the wound
Greenstick fracture
Usually occurs in children
Immobilization
Manually straightened by doctor