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:tada: Language :tada: (Key Concepts: (Speech acts: Instances of when…
:tada: Language :tada:
Hermeneutics:
- “Inquiry into meaning of texts (esp. biblical & philosophical), study of theory & methodology of interpretation."
- Can also be applied to human actions & other meaningful material.
Thomas Aquinas:
- Biblical texts can have multiple ‘spiritual’ meanings, all of which could be ‘true'.
- Problem: Who determines which are true? Church? How do they know?
Martin Luther:
- Rejected idea of symbolic interpretations. Only ‘One True Meaning’ to scripture is the literal meaning. --> Fundamentalism.
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Wilhelm Dithley:
- "True interpretation is the meaning the original human author intended.” To find it, we need to put ourselves in the context of the writer & try to understand their intentions
Scheiermacher, Dilthey & Aquinas: Correspondence theory of Truth.
- “True interpretation is what corresponds with author’s intentions. (Aquinas --> God’s intended true interpretation."
Hermeneutic Circle:
- A part of a text can only be interpreted by understanding whole text, BUT Full text cannot be fully understood without understanding all the parts.
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Interpreting Literature:
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John Searle:
- 3 possible approaches to interpreting literature
- Meaning is entirely a matter of the Author’s intention.
- Meaning is based on the meanings of the words contained in the text, which are fixed by agreement & convention
- Meaning is entirely dependent upon the reader’s response to the text
Jacques Derrida
- Meaning is ‘undecidable’. Every sign needs to be understood in terms of other signs, signified never fully understood.
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Key Concepts:
- Speech acts: Instances of when person uses language to communicate what they mean.
- Langue: Abstract system of language that exists within a community
- Parole: Use of language, composed of speech acts, eg. slang, everyday use.
- Semiosis: Process of understanding or making meaning from signs.
- Signifier: A sound image (i.e. a word/phrase)
- Signified: The Concept that the signifier refers to.
- ‘Word’ & ‘Concept” are two seperate entities.
- Internal Interpretation: Concentrates only on text itself.
- External Interpretation: Concentrates largely on Author’s intention’s &/or context.
Sentences & Symbols:
- Sentences: Arrange words & concepts using Syntax. Meaning drawn from mixture of syntax & words.
- Sentences assert something, can be proven true/false. Propositions --> assertions associated with the meaning of the sentence, e.g. The box is blue = asserts blue colour of box.
- Symbols: Meaning not inherent, nor intuitively obvious. Relies upon knowledge of conventions that a symbol’s meaning depends on.
- **C.S. Pierce: “Interpret symbols according to "habitual connection/rule” or “law”.
- Symbols operate as equivalent/substitue for names or commands/instructions, e.g. road signs.