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British and Irish Studies (What is culture? (Symbolism (Items (Celtic…
British and Irish Studies
Tutorial:
tuesday 18-20 Uhr in ZH 4
What is culture?
(Communication seminar presentation)
Globalisation of culture and diversity
Food?
Welsh rarebit ( both comments on levels of poverty)
Toad in the hole
Civilization
Achievement
Process
Norbert Elias
Social constraint
The welsh not, a necklace with a sign (written down W.N.)punishing kids from talking welsh in class
Stephen Greenblatt
Seemingly innocuous responses: a condescending smile, laughter poised between the genial and sarcastic..
Symbolism
Flags
Icons
Metaphors
Insignia
Symbols
Items
Celtic cross
Claddagh ring
Thick description
Culture as system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms
Latin cultura
Civilization
As an achievement(British Civilization)
As a process(
Elias
, The Civilizing Process)
Geertz, the Interpretation of Cultures 1973
Culture: „a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which people communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge about and attitude towards life
Power structure
Marxist
analysis
Class struggle
Birmingham school‘s analysis of subcultures in capit. Societies
Cccs
Working class
Pop culture
Culturalist
Media, power, ideology
Re- presentation
More objective
Representation
Subjective, based on people’s relation to the topic
Fixed meaning and culture
Ethnicity
Language and culture:
bilingual theory
Post-colonial theory
Edward said
(1935-2003
Orientalism(1978)
Orient as „not the West„
West as constructed concept of the Orient as „Other“
Homi Bhabha(born 1949)
Hybridity
Third space
Dominated culture influences and improved dominating culture
Being in between cultures
Mimicry
Diaspora
In English
1440 - cultivation of the land
1520 - personal cultivation through education
1805 - The intellectual side of civilization
1867 - the collective customs and achievements of a people
Culture = aesthetics
„Culture vulture“
Matthew Arnold
: „Culture... is a study of
perfection
(1867-1869)
Seeks to
do away with classes
the best knowledge, the best ideas of their time
To humanise knowledge,
make it efficient outside the clique of the cultivated and learned
and still
keep the essence of it being the best knowledge and thought of the time
Culture = Lifestyle
Material Culture
Folk Culture
Low Culture
Customs
Greetings(kisses/bisés)
Matthew Arnold
sets beauty as a motivation for poor people to raise themselves up with the help of education
Eu seen as danger for Britain/ patriotism
Eu seen as defeat of Britain
Encoding/decoding(1973)
Message can be interpreted/ never fixed nor determind by sender
Audience influences interpretation
Message is never transparent
Raymond Williams
Culture is
ordinary
Cultural materialism
Politicized form of historiography
Graham Holderness
Marxism and Literature(1977)
Materialists criticise text by
contextualizing it with successive generations, including our own
Read text to
recover it’s historical context
“Criticise texts over a contemporary, history involving p.o.v.“
Heritage,Tradition
Spivak
Can the subaltern speak?(1985)
Strategic essentialism
Deliberate exaggeration
to achieve a goal
Identity
Self image
Self represent.
Self parody
Identity
Multi layered identities
and
Identities
Personal
Gender
Group
National
Subcultural
Identity construction
Performed patriotism
Royal events
Flags/singing of national anthems
„Zeitgeist“
Movements of thought, prevailing philosophies, styles and ideologies
Enlightenment
Romanticism
Modernism
Postmodernism
Text
Relationship between culture and literature
Contemporary literary criticism
seeks
cultural contexts
(bakhtin)
Side fact: it is forbidden to touch the queen
Oldest recipe for lasagne found in GB