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Membrane Structure and Function (Membrane elements (Membrane Proteins…
Membrane Structure and Function
Membrane elements
Membrane Proteins
Integral: Continuous throguh membrane
cell-cell recognition: Hold markers that serve as "safe tags"
intercellular joining: Gap, tight, desmosomes
Signal transducer: Send message from outside the cell into the cytoplasm
Enzyme: Trigger chemical reactions at membrane
Transport: Move molecules and substances
attachment to cytoskeleton: Anchor cell and help maintain cell shape
Peripheral: Non continous through membrane
Lipid-bilayer
Composed of: Phosopholipids
Function: Basis for selective permeability, "water tight" barrier
Cholesterol
Carbohydrates
Types
Glycolipid: attached to membrane
Glycoprotein: attached to membrane protein
Function: Cell marking
Active Transport
Co-transport
Function: Coupling of downhill diffusion to drive uphill transport of substances
Utilize: Concentration gradient created by ion pumps
Endo/Exocytosis
Function: Uptake/intake of large substances through membrane
Utilize: Receptors allow uptake of substance/ vesicles transfer substances out
Pumps
Function: Help establish membrane potential
Utilize: electrochemical gradient
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Definition: The movement of any material down its concentration gradient
Osmosis
Definition: The diffusion of water
Tonicity
hypotonic solution: -solute, cell will expand
hypertonic solution: +solute, cell will shrink
isotonic solution: =solute, cell will sustain
Facilitated Diffusion
Defintion: The use of carrier or channel proteins to aid diffusion