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The heart (diffusion across capillary wall (blood movement rate slow in…

- - - - Frank starling mechanism
        
        intrinsic property of heart to control SV
        
        higher BV in heart, stronger beat, higher SV by putting more pressure on muscle
        
        the more you load heart, the more it contracts
        
        due to more stretching, more potential for thick and thin filaments to interact
        
        end diastolic volume: blood pushed out by atria
        
        higher EDV=higher contraction force
    - - speed up
        
        sympathetic NS
        
        B-adrenergic receptor
        
        G protein receptors thus make cAMP
        
        lead to increased HR
      - slow down
        
        parasympathetic NS
        
        Ach onto SA cells
        
        mAchR
        
        opens up K+ channels and repolarizes heart
- - - - how you shunt blood from unnecessary organs during fight-or-flight
  - - - hydrostatic pressure (Pc): water
      - osmotic pressure (pi-c): stuff that never leaves blood (proteins)
      - hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure oppose each other
        
        as capillary pushes pressure out (Pc), proteins in B.V will make water want to come back in
- - - - RV
        
        PA
        
        lungs
        
        PV
        
        LA
        
        LV
        
        1 more item...
- - - - cardiac muscle does not have DHP receptor, uses V.G. L-type Ca channel
    - - T-type Ca2+ channel further depolarizes
        
        L-type Ca2+ channels open and allows Ca2+ from outside to come inside, myocardial contraction
        
        repolarizes via K+ leak channels
    - - heart doesn't contract w/o blood, no pressure to open valves
- - - - valve to aorta closed (not enough pressure)
      - bicuspid valve open
      - atria pressure >ventricle pressure
    - - isovolumetric ventricular contraction: not moving any blood
        
        with enough pressure, aortic valve opens
        
        all blood leaves ventricles, end systolic volume
        
        too much pressure to open bicuspid valve, not enough pressure to open aortic valve
      - start of "squish"
      - AV node fires AP down bundle of His & purkinje fibers
      - early diastole
        
        relaxing ventricles, lowering B.P.
        
        aortic valve closes
        
        not enough pressure to open bicuspid valve
        
        isometric ventricular relaxation: no volume b/c ventricles are relaxing