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Chapter 19 Lecture 5 (Pseudomonas Infection (Has many virulence factors:…
Chapter 19 Lecture 5
Pseudomonas Infection
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When it invades the bloodstream, it causes fever, chills, and shock
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Pathogen & virulence factors- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus and found in soil, in decaying matter and in almost every moist environment including swimming pools, hot tubs, sponges, washcloths and contact lens solution
In hospitals it grows in sinks, moist food, vases of cut flowers, sponges, toilets, mops, dialysis machines
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Pathogenesis
The surface of a burned patients provides a warm, moist environment that can quickly colonize this bacterium.
Thick scab-like crust forms over the surface of a severe burn, Pseudomonas grows under that scab and can move into the blood
Once inside the body it kills cells and destroys tissues, endotoxins are released giving way to fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock
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Epidemiology
Rarely part of the human microbiome even though P. aeruginosa is a natural inhabitant of bodies of water and moist soil
Involved in about 10% of health-care associated infections and will be in your most immunocompromised patients.
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Diagnose, Treatment, and Prevention
Not always easy due to the presence in a culture can be due to a contamination acquired during culture collection, transport, or inoculation. If tissue has blue-green discoloration (pyocyanin) it is indicative of a massive infection.
Resistance to drugs is due to the ability of various strains of Pseudomonas to metabolize many drugs due to the presence of non-specific proton/drug antiports that pump many drugs of the bacterium in addition to the biofilm they have so drugs cannot penetrate the bacterium
Bacterium is resistant to wide range of antibacterial agents, drugs, soaps, antimicrobial dyes, and quaternary ammonium disinfectants.
Docs treat with a combination of antimicrobial simultaneously . Sulfadiazine, and piperacillin
It is hard to prevent exposure, it rarely causes disease, only in wounded patients does it seek out for the opportunity to invade. Practice your best hand hygiene and standard precautions.
Cat Scratch Disease
This involves a fever for a few days , prolonged malaise and localized swelling at the site of the infection
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Bartonella only cause disease in people and affects ~22,000 children a year
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