Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Conscience :thinking_face: (What is conscience? (Key Terms (Sociology:…
Conscience :thinking_face:
What is conscience?
Key Terms
Sociology
: study of socialistic patterns and relationships, and every day culture.
Psychology
: science of mind and behaviour.
Secular Views: Non religious
Comes from the Latin word '
conscientia
', and is an internal guide that distinguish between what is right and what is wrong; a form of self awareness.
18th century 'enlightenment period': individual responsibility.
Can make us feel emotionally troubled, ie shakespears Macbeth.
There are /// main ideas about conscience developed by///different ethicists!!! ASK MUNIA
Secular Views on conscience
Sociological views
Kohlberg:
result of social interaction (individualised conscience)
1927-87
American psychologist, interested in child development.
Believed that U decided BEFORE an event, prevent you from acting or promote you to act.
3 levels
:children_crossing:
Pre-conventional Level
inner conviction between right/ wrong, established in childhood through reward/ punishment. Only doing things if threatened by authority.
:couple:
conventional level
relationships promote a want to obey moral rules and avoid guilt. Gaining reward, personal satisfaction; whats in it for me?
:city_sunrise:
post conventional level
Utilitarian understanding; puts societies needs over individuals.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNy1-H0FN6Y
Evaluation
Weaknesess
not mnay people reach teh post conventional level.
Strengths
individual; everyone guded by own moral code.
Emile Durkheim:
Result of social conditioning and internalised views of society
French sociologist (1858-1917)
Lived through transitions of France from traditional agricultural society to urban industrial economy due to capitalism; interested in how modern societies function.
Believed that collective conscience, values and rules are required for a functional society. Conformity is needed in order for a society to survive.
Functionalism: all sects need to function properly for scty to work well.
conscience a social and evolutionary phenomena
God (though hes a non believer) acts as an authoritative figure that gives society a moral obligation to follow societies demands.
Collective Conscience
: Beliefs agreed on by society; acts bad when society disapproves of them.... if do something wring everyone would judge me.
Evolutionary conscience
: survival mechanism, a step forward for society.--> grow as a group.
strengths
Collective conscious unites society
due to shared values which the consious enforces and the consious collectivley thinks is good and bad-makes it safer and more ordered.
doesn't rely on belief in God.
Evalutaion
Weaknesess
Doesn't let you stand out; individuality. this is where Kohlberg comes in.
Could go against religious beliefs; France became the first European country to impose a ban the burqa.
Physcological
The guilt that happens AFTER an moral incident due to our "Inner Parent".
Freud: Guilt; physiological phenomena
Freud
Evalutaion
Strengths
doesn't require fauth; everyne has an ubriging.
guilt helps us learn from our mistakes, avoiding guilt would lead us to do the right thing
Weaknesses
subjective & indapendant
does guilt actually change how we behave... do we do things anyway?
Fromm demand an action
Theological Views
Joseph Butler; an autonomous, reflective ability instilled by God.
:sleeping:
Conscience is...
:thinking_face: the part of the self which judges between benevolence and prudence.
:thinking_face:means at which individuals make moral decisions, and it is capable of a
reflective
sense of right and wrong.
:thinking_face::
intuitive
and
autonomous
(self governing/ individual, works within you rather than a voice from 'above')
:barely_sunny: This guide on how to behave is installed within us by God so we have a duty to follow it, but is not a direct instruction from God.
:thinking_face:
motivated internally
, not concerned with doing things just because of reward/ punishment, capable of being pushed aside by deliberately avoiding refection/ self deceit (sermon VI)
:dog2: The capability to reflect on our actions differs humans from animals and is what makes 'human thinking' distinct. Could be why media describes extremism and terrorism as 'inhumane' or being 'less human'.
( 1692-1752 English theologian, philosopher, Bishop Ch of England.. AKA 'defender of faith', morality & religion = indispensable).
:scales:
For individuals/ society to function morally, they need to balance between
2 governing principals
of human behaviour:
:kissing_heart:
Benevolence
: Altruistic desire to be good to others, but is not necessary all the time.
:hugging_face:
Prudence
: natural self love and appreciation (egoism), but is not selfishness!
"Magisterially exerts itself" implies that we do not need to consult; our conscience has the final say (as it is given to us by God).
a "faculty, natural to man... supreme over all others"
Joseph Fletcher: an active decision to do a loving action (verb not a noun).
:telescope:
Conscience is...
:eyeglasses: Prospective (looking forward, not retrospective)
:hearts: application of informed by agape
:red_cross: :church: NOT the voice of God, Holy Spirit or internalised values of society.
Evalutaion
Weaknesses:
If it is retrospective then why do we feel guilty by it?
Not helpful, how do you know what the most loving thing is?
Strengths:
adaptable, allows for individual choice.
Evaluation (voice of God; Augustine)
Strength
Strict source of authority
, easy to trust and follow as you know that it is from a Divine source; building an intimate relationship to God
There is no way of knowing if the voice you are hearing is the genuinely voice of God.
Weaknessess
Could use it to justify any action
Presupposes belief in God.
doesn't seem to be true
; if we all have the voice of God within us, then why do we have conflicting conclusions or make different choices, perhaps gives us no chance of individuality.
Problematic for atheists
If hard determanism is correct then we do need to concious as a guide --.> link to fw topic :+1:
Eavluation (reason Aq)
strengths
(syndersis rule results in good most people have the ability to reason
can be confirmed by Divine Law
Weaknessess
Reason is fallible
is it easy to ne reasonale not emotional.
fromm; escaped from Nazis
Come back to this nearer exams as notes I have are pretty useful already??/
