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Classical Management (Discusses methods to make organizations more…
Classical Management (Discusses methods to make organizations more efficient)
Scientific Management ( Concerns the tasks of individual employees)
Taylor's Scientific Management
1. Separation of planning and doing
Planning should be conducted by specialists
2. Functional foremanship
To enable clear supervision and direction for workers
3.Elements of scientific management
4.Bilateral Mental Revolution
5. Financial Incentives
6. Economy
Implemented cost estimates and cost control methods to ensure maximum output at minimum cost
Henry Gantts’s Contribution
1. The task and bonus system
2. The Perspective of Worker Incentives
Harrington Emerson’s Contribution to Scientific Management
Clearly defined ideals
Reliable and accurate records
Henri Fayol's Administrative Management (Concerns the management of the whole organization
)
Authority and responsibility (The right to give orders must be accompanied by responsibility)
Discipline (A disciplined organization needs good managers)
Division of work (Specialization of labor is necessary for organizational success)
Unity of command (A worker should receive instructions from only one superior)
Unity of direction (All organization members should coordinate and focus their efforts in the same direction)
Subordination of individual interest to general interest (Management biggest challenge is resolving the conflict between personal and organizational interest in favour of organization)
Remuneration of personnel (Provide fairness and maximum satisfaction to employees and employers)
Centralization (The relationship between centralization and decentralization is a matter of proportion)
Scalar chain ( Perceives the scalar chain as a line of authority from the highest to the lowest ranks)
Order (Promoting organization and arrangement in corporations)
Equity ( Fairness owing to kindness and justice will generate dutiful and loyal service)
Stability of tenure of personnel (Employees required time to learn their jobs)
Initiative (One of the greatest satisfactions is formulating and executing a plan)
Esprit de corps (union is strengthen)
14 principles of management by Henri Fayol
Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management
Division of labor (Complex work broken into simple jobs)
Hierarchy of authority ( Accepted chain of command to direct individual's effort towards organizational goal accomplishment)
Framework of rules (Effort directed and coordinated by rules)
Impersonality ( Hiring and promoting people on the basis of objective merit rather than favoritism)
Formal selection ( Technical competence members selected accordingly on the basis of training, qualification, education etc.
Concerns the ideal structure of organizations
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's Contribution
Study and develop motions that were most efficient to perform tasks
Frank Gilbreth proposed reduction from 18 to 5 physical movements in bricklaying led to a 200 percent increase in output
Focus on reducing motion instead of time to increase efficiency
Increase productivity by using scientific methods and time measurements
Standardization equipment for workmen
Improvement of working conditions
Centralization
Perception of workers towards their colleagues
Perception of managers towards their subordinates
Created the differential piece-rate wage system
Employees receive a bonus on top of their regular wage when completed tasks successfully
Pays the workers their regular rate regardless of performance
Worker received extra pay if they completed a task less than allowed time
Giving the foreman a bonus if their subordinates met performance standards
Sound judgments and common sense
Competent counsel
Discipline
Fairness in deal
Concern relationships between employer and employee
Standards and schedules
Standardized conditions
Standardized operations
Written standard-practice instructions
Efficiency rewards
Planning and despatching
Concern systems and practices established in an organization
Wages of workers are performance-based to motivate them
