Articular Cartilage- smooth, glassy cartilage allows bone to glide past each other smooth surface and decrease friction between ones.

Periosteum- membrane that covers bone, attachment site for muscle, tendons, and ligaments, and osteoblast production after injury

Epiphysis- end of long bone, proximal, distal, compact bone enclosing spongy bone and contain red bone marrow- hematopoietic

Endosteum- Thin membrane lining Medullary cavity, connective tissue, and contain both.

Diaphysis- shaft of compact bone, covered with thin connective tissue called Periosteum, and contain Medullary cavity hollow area filled with yellow bone marrow [ fat storage]

Medullary Cavity- center of long bone, contain yellow marrow [ mostly fat] in adults, and contain red marrow [ blood cell information] in infants

Control of Remodeling- Hormonal Control-occurs of 2 negative feedback loop, low blood Ca++ levels ----> PTH release----> osteoclasts destroy bone
High blood Ca++ levels ----> Calcitonin release ----> osteoblasts despite bone

b) Response to Stress and Pressure- flormonal control ignores the needs of the skeleton Wolff's Law holds that a bone grows/ remodels itself in response to the forces and stress exerted upon it

Bone Deposit-occurs when bones are injured, to make the bone stronger for a short period of time but will eventually reach similar strength as the bone surrounding it

Bone Reabsorption- occurs in response to the calcium needs of the body. If there us a shortage of calcium, the osteoclasts will dissolve/absorb bone so that calcium can be sent to the muscles and nerves [ increase blood calcium level]

Bone Remodeling- bone is often being made and /or reabsorbed at the periosteum/ endosperm which results in the remodeling of the bone

Ball- and- socket- very wide range that is impossible like shoulders and hip joints

Condylar Joint- a variety of motions like joints between a metacarpal and a phalange

Plane joint- a back- and - fourth motion like the wrist and ankle. Also between vertebrae are gliding joints

Hinge joint- a surface fits into a concave surface that is found in the elbow and phalange

Pivot joint- a surface that rotates within a ring bone and fibrous tissue like between proximal ends of the radius and ulna and the atlas and dens f rage axis

Saddle joint- permits movement in two planes like between trapezium and the metacarpals of the thumbs

The female pelvis is larger and broader than the male pelvis. It indicates that the female pelvis is much taller ( owing to a higher iliac crest), narrower, and more compact than the male pelvis

The male pelvis is the distance between the ischium bones which is smaller in the male than females and it is shape inlet is more heart shaped

Fibrous joint- dense connective tissue, no movement; fibrous connective tissue grows between two bones ( sutures of skull)

Cartilaginous Joint- cartilage connects articulating bones; pubic symphysis or intervertebral disk in spine

Synovial joint- most joints are in this class; free movement

Articular Cartilage- a " rubber shock absorber" that provides a smooth frictionless surface

Articulation of joints- holds bone together; allows for mobility

Joint Capsule & Ligaments- fibrous connective tissue connects the ends of two joining bones

Synovial membrane- secretes synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity & decrease friction

Synovial cavity- spaces inside a joint capsule between two bones, filled with synovial fluid

Bursae- flattened fibrous sacs, lined with synovial membrane, filled with synovial fluid