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:tada:Aesthetics:tada: (What is Art? (Beardsley's Functionalism…

- - - - “Art criticism should not focus entirely on the life & intentions of author."
      - Wimsatt & Beardsley
- - - - 4 Elements of Pure Beauty:
        
        Freedom from Concepts: Mind must be completely free of concepts to focus, makes it possible to experience beauty.
        
        Objectivity: There is a real, OBJECTIVE standard of beauty, will be recognised.
        
        Disinterest in the Spectator: Must appreciate it for itself, not through a desire to own it.
        
        Obligatoriness: Irresistible, one cannot deny the beauty of it.
      - Made distinction between responses to object and to Pure Beauty
    - - Distinguished between Beautiful and Sublime, which transcends beauty.
      - Beauty: Stimulates societal passion of love, tends to be small, smooth, various, delicate, bright, positive.
      - Sublime: Stimulates self-preservative passion of astonishment, tends to be great, uniform, powerful, obscure, sombre.
      - Sublime is that in comparison with which all else is small, e.g. Awe of natural landscapes/disasters. Not actual fear, mostly assured of safety, appears to ensure existential crises??
    - - “Each mind perceives a different Beauty”.
      - “Beauty is no quality in things themselves. It exists merely in the mind which contemplates themselves.
      - Not ‘anything is beautiful’, but distorted by our view, intrinsically linked to pleasure.
    - - Beauty is a matter of form, order, symmetry, unity & completeness.
      - "The chief forms of beauty are order & symmetry & definiteness, which the mathematical sciences demonstrate in a special degree.” --> Believed mathematical formulae where centre of beauty.
      - Gave rise to Classical Conception of beauty; Beauty consists of arrangement of parts into a coherent whole, according to proportion, harmony, symmetry, etc.
      - OBJECTIVE BEAUTY
    - - There is an Ideal Form of ‘Absolute Beauty’ that resides above material world --> Representing real, eternal & unchanging value of Beauty
      - Beauty observed in material world is imperfect & temporary, representation of ideal form
      - Sought to promote loving desire for Beauty, loving something/one expands identity and soul --> leads to true Virtue.
      - OBJECTIVE BEAUTY
    - - Beauty = convenient & traditional name for something which art & nature share, gives clear sense of quality of experience & changes consciousness.
      - Absorbing: Removes you from current state of mind, 'captivates you with delight.'
      - Something undefinable but found in Art & Nature
      - OBJECTIVE BEAUTY, known through experience of beauty.
      - Concept of beauty exists beyond material world,
  - - - Kant, Burke, Aristotle
    - - Hume, Murdoch
      - Deliberately open to interpretation & blurred line between art & artist