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12-year-old boy presents with broken elbow with additional arm injuries,…

- - - - bones are continuously growing and developing
        
        should heal fairly quickly
      - bones are typically hard to break
        
        poor diet played large role
    - - near epiphyseal plate
        
        lengthening humerus
    - - inadequate calcium from lack of dairy
        
        leads to bone weakness and fragility
- - - - fibrocartilaginous callus forms
        
        bony callus forms
        
        bone remodeling occurs
  - - - longer than they are wide
        
        EX: femur
      - Structure of a Long Bone
        
        Diaphysis
        
        shaft
        
        forms axis of long bone
        
        thick collar of compact bone
        
        surrounds medullary cavity
        
        Epiphysis
        
        bone ends
        
        outer shell of compact bone
        
        contains spongy bone
        
        thin layer 0of hyaline cartilage covers
    - - roughly cube shaped
        
        Ex: patella
    - - thin, flattened and usually curved
        
        Ex: the sternum
    - - complicated shapes
        
        Ex: hip bones
  - - - Osteoprogenitor cells
        
        stem cells
      - osteoblasts
        
        bone growth
      - osteocytes
        
        mature bone cells
      - bone lining cells
      - osteclasts
        
        bone resorption
    - - Appositional Growth
        
        cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete new matrix
      - Interstitial growth
        
        chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within
      - Growth plates
        
        located at bone ends
        
        disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen bone
    - - Bone Resorption
        
        done by osteoclasts
      - Bone Deposition
        
        done by osteoblasts
      - controlled hormonally
        
        parathyroid hormone
  - - - Nondisplaced
      - displaced
      - complete
      - Incomplete
      - open (compound)
      - closed (simple)
    - - Closed Fractures
        
        realigned by dr's hands
        
        casted
      - Open fractures
        
        realigned surgically
        
        casted
    - - Osteomalacia
        
        disorders in which bones are poorly mineralized
        
        called Rickets in children
      - osteoporosis
        
        group of diseases in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit
      - Paget's disease
        
        excessive and haphazard bone deposit
        
        forms irregular bone thickenings
  - - - provides framework and cradles soft organs
    - - fused bones of skull protect brain
    - - bones are attachment sites for muscle
    - - calcium and phosphate
    - - hematopoiesis
    - - yellow marrow in long bones
    - - osteocalcin
- - - - infection