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Passive and Active Transport (Passive Transport (Simple Diffusion (Process…
Passive and Active Transport
Active Transport
Active transport needs energy (ATP) in order to be accomplished, it is possible due to the proteins that can change their shape so they can bind with the ATP fuel molecule.
Antiport Pumps
Effective pumps that use one ATP molecule to complete 2 different tasks: transport one substance in one direction while transporting another in the opposite direction.
Symport Pumps
These pumps use diffusion gradients (natural way of substances to move from a high concentration to a low concentration zone) to move substances. A substance that wants to move from a high to a low concentration zone is used to carry another substance in the opposite concentration gradient.
Endocytosis
When large items or extracellular fluid need to enter the cell, the cell uses the proteins of the plasma membrane to form pockets (vesicles) that fold the material that needs to enter the cell and this is possible, because ATP makes plasmatic membrane proteins change shape to bind with it, until a vesicle is built. Cell receptor proteins need to recognize the substance that wants to enter the membrane and, if recognized, it finally creates a vesicle around the substance to take it in.
Exocytosis
Opposite of endocytosis, the cell makes a vesicle around a substance that is inside itself to take it out of the plasmatic membrane. Proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, then they are sent to the Golgi apparatus which packages (in vesicles of its own) and addresses them by adding molecules that will be recognized by the cell membrane receptors, and when they arrive to the cell membrane, they dock and fuse with it. In the fusion process, the vesicle becomes part of the cell membrane and the content of the vesicle is exported to extracellular space.
Passive Transport
Process that makes a substance pass the cell wall through concentration gradient (natural way of substances to move from a high concentration to a low concentration zone), in most cases, it is an ion or a molecule. It works without the use of energy at all.
Simple Diffusion
Process by which solutes are moved across the semipermeable cell membrane without using energy, just by hydrogen bonding, which in the form of water moves in to surround individual solute molecules, this helps distributing the solution.
Facilitated diffusion
Movement of molecules from their concentration gradient, guided by an integral membrane protein forming a pore or channel. Temperature increases the rate of diffusion due to Brownian movement.
Filtration
The removal of liquids from a compound that contains both solid and liquid products. In cell membrane, it makes reference to the separation of liquids and water from useful nutrients that need to move through the cell and cross the plasma membrane in order for the body to use that nutrient, this movements and expel of material doesn't involve energy using.
Osmosis
Type of diffusion that moves substances for them to cross the cell semipermeable membrane in order to balance the concentrations of another substance. This happens usually when water (solvent) needs to flow in or out of the cell if a solute is making the internal and external conditions of the cell loose balance. This happens spontaneously and without the use of energy.
ELIZABETH KLEIN
References: Biology Dictionary (w.y.), "Passive Transport", retrieved on October 2019 from
https://biologydictionary.net/passive-transport/
Biology Dictionary (w.y.), "Active Transport", retrieved on October 2019 from
https://biologydictionary.net/active-transport/