A 12 year old boy is brought in with a bone fracture injury. Occured while running and then falling forward, landing on his right arm. Right elbow appears broken, and part of the bone in the upper arm appears to be protruding from the skin. There appears to be fragments of bone in the wound. We learn the child is lactose intolerant. He never consumes dairy and only eats burgers, hot dogs, spaghetti, and junk food.
upstream effect
downstream effects
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Background information
classifacation of bone fractures
raw materials needed for bone growth and repair
How bones...
location and rule of epiphyseal plate
anatomy of long bones from cells to organ level
direct
indirect
the fall the child takes
bones are weaker when not enough calcum is taken in
bones will be more likely to break in this type of intake
important factors for properly treating his injury
childs fracture
age of the boy
boys diet
location of break
grow
remodel
formation 5 stages
compressional compound fracture
the periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone than forms
diaphysis elongates and medullay cavitiy forms
cartilage then calcifies in the center of the diaphysis and then develops cavities
epiphyses ossify
bone collar forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model
secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses
when complete, hyaline cartilage remains only in epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage
part of bone in upper arm appears to protrude from skin
fragments of bone in the wound
right eblow breaks
12 year old boy
never consumes dairy
burgers
we learn he is lactose intolerant
hot dogs
spaghetti
junk food
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
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Distal
Proximal
causes more brittle bones
where bone growth occurs
plate thins, then is replaced by bone (epipyseal line)
this plate persist though childhood and adolesence
plate closure occurws when epiphysis and diahysis fuse
completeness of break
whether skin is penetrated
position of bone ends after fracture
non displaced
displaced
complete
incomplete
open (compound)
closed (simple)
ends retain normal position
ends are out of normal alignment
broken all the way through
not broken all the way through
skin penetrated
skin not penetrated
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
lining cells
osteogenic cells
tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
miotically active stem cells in periosteum and endosteum
bone formingcells secrete unmineralzed bone matrix called osteiod
mature bone cells in lacunae which no longer divide maintian bone matrix
breakdown of bone
regulate passage of calcium
bones increase in thicness through appositional growth
bones stop growing during adolecence
long bones grow in length wise by intersititial growth of epiphyseal plate
some facial bones continue to grow slowly through life
bone lengthining ceases around 18 in female 21 in males
bone resporption
bone deposit
osteoclasts breakdon tissue of bone then release minerals
osteoblasts depsit new bone matrix
stages of healing
- Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
- bony callus forms
- A hematoma forms
4.bone remodeling froms
magnesium
phosphorus
protien
vitamin D
calcium
flouride
potassium
bone formation exceeded resporation
heal quicker
skin penetrated
treatment: imobilization, medication to help with pain, maybe even surgery depending on break
right brachial region
not helping towards bone development
not enough calcium intake
bad eating habits cause bones to break because not enough nutrients