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A 12 year old boy is brought in with a bone fracture injury. Occured while…

- - - - the fall the child takes
    - - bones are weaker when not enough calcum is taken in
        
        bones will be more likely to break in this type of intake
- - - - 12 year old boy
        
        bone formation exceeded resporation
        
        heal quicker
    - - never consumes dairy
        
        causes more brittle bones
      - burgers
      - we learn he is lactose intolerant
        
        not enough calcium intake
      - hot dogs
        
        bad eating habits cause bones to break because not enough nutrients
      - spaghetti
      - junk food
        
        not helping towards bone development
    - - part of bone in upper arm appears to protrude from skin
      - fragments of bone in the wound
      - right eblow breaks
      - right brachial region
- - - - complete
        
        broken all the way through
      - incomplete
        
        not broken all the way through
    - - open (compound)
        
        skin penetrated
      - closed (simple)
        
        skin not penetrated
    - - non displaced
        
        ends retain normal position
      - displaced
        
        ends are out of normal alignment
  - - - bones increase in thicness through appositional growth
      - bones stop growing during adolecence
      - long bones grow in length wise by intersititial growth of epiphyseal plate
      - some facial bones continue to grow slowly through life
    - - bone resporption
        
        osteoclasts breakdon tissue of bone then release minerals
      - bone deposit
        
        osteoblasts depsit new bone matrix
    - - the periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone than forms
      - diaphysis elongates and medullay cavitiy forms
        
        secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses
      - cartilage then calcifies in the center of the diaphysis and then develops cavities
      - epiphyses ossify
        
        when complete, hyaline cartilage remains only in epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage
      - bone collar forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model
  - - - Distal
      - Proximal
      - ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
    - - tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
    - - osteocytes
        
        mature bone cells in lacunae which no longer divide maintian bone matrix
      - osteoclasts
        
        breakdown of bone
      - osteoblasts
        
        bone formingcells secrete unmineralzed bone matrix called osteiod
      - lining cells
        
        regulate passage of calcium
      - osteogenic cells
        
        miotically active stem cells in periosteum and endosteum