Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

A 12 year old, lactose intolerant boy fell onto his right arm. His right…

- - - - Long Bone Anatomy
        
        Cells:
        
        Osteoclasts
        
        Dissolves bones
        
        Osteoblasts
        
        Creates bones
        
        Lining Cells
        
        Regulates passage of calcium
        
        Osteocytes
        
        Monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix
        
        Osteogenic Cells
        
        Differentiate into osteoblasts when stimulated
        
        Diaphysis
        
        Distal Epiphysis
        
        Proximal Epiphysis
        
        Compact Bone
        
        Dense outer layer
        
        Epiphyseal plate/line
        
        Site of bone growth
        
        Membranes
        
        Periosteum
        
        Covers external surfaces
        
        Endosteum
        
        Covers internal surfaces
        
        Spongy Bone
        
        Made of trabeculae
      - Complete
        
        Broken all the way through
      - Incomplete
        
        Not broken all the way through
      - Displaced
        
        Ends are out of normal alignment
      - Open (Compound)
        
        Skin is penetrated
      - Nondisplaced
        
        Ends retain normal position
      - Closed (Simple)
        
        Skin is not penetrated
    - - Growth
        
        Hypertrophic Zone
        
        Chondrocytes hypertrophy
        
        Calcification Zone
        
        Cartilage matrix calcifies
        
        Chondrocytes die
        
        Matrix deteriorates
        
        Blood vessels invade
        
        Ossification Zone
        
        Osteoclasts partly erode
        
        Cartilage spicules
        
        Osteoblasts cover with new bone
        
        Spongy bone replaces them
        
        Medullary cavity lengthens
        
        Proliferation Zone
        
        Cells divides which pushes the ephiphysis away from the diaphysis
      - Remodel
        
        Bone Resorption
        
        Osteoclasts break down bone tissue then release the minerals
        
        Results in a transfer of calcium into blood
        
        Bone Deposit
        
        Osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix
      - Formation
        
        Intramembranous Ossification
        
        A bone develops from a fibrous membrane
        
        Results in a membranous bone
        
        Endochondral Ossification
        
        Bone develops by the replacing hyaline cartilage
        
        Results in a endochondral bone
        
        Osteogenesis
        
        Process of bone formation
    - - Bone Remodeling occurs
        
        Bony callus is remodeled
        
        Excess material is removed
        
        Compact bone is laid down
      - Bony Callus forms
        
        Osteoblasts begin to form spongy bone
        
        Fibrocatilaginous callus is then replaced by immature bone
      - Fibrocatilaginous Callus forms
        
        New blood vessels form
        
        Chondroblasts secrete a cartilaginous matrix that calcifies
        
        Then forms a fibrocartilaginous callus that connects the broken bone ends
      - Hematoma forms
        
        The hemorrhaged blood clots
      - Immobilization
      - Reduction
        
        Realignment of broken bone ends
        
        Open Reduction
        
        Bone ends are secured together surgically
        
        Closed Reduction
        
        Physician's coax the bones into position
      - Raw materials needed for bone growth and repair
        
        Calcium
        
        Protein
        
        Magnesium
        
        Phosphorus
        
        Vitamin D
        
        Potassium
        
        Flouride
    - - Location
        
        The metaphysis at each end of a long bone
      - Role
        
        Maintains a constant thickness that allows for growth
- - - - Results in a lack of calcium
- - - - Treatment would include:
        
        Medication for pain
        
        Possible surgery
        
        Immobilization
    - - Bone formation exceeds resorption therefore he will heal faster
      - He should be monitored for abnormal growth in his arm
    - - Recommend calcium supplements and a more nutritious diet
  - - - Possible direct downstream effects
        
        Stunted growth in the right brachial region
      - Possible indirect downstream effects
        
        Fear of injury
  - - - Possible direct downstream effects
        
        Stunted growth in the right antecubital/olecranal regions
        
        Loss of movement
      - Possible indirect downstream effects
        
        Fear of injury