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12 year old boy with bone fracture injury (Anatomy of long bones…
12 year old boy with bone fracture injury
Anatomy of long bones
All have a shaft
all have bone ends
all have membranes
diaphysis
tubular shaft
compact bone
forms long axis of bone
surround medullary cavity
epiphyses
ends of long bones
consist of compact bone
externally and spongy bone internally
bones form, growth, remodel
growth
long bones grow lengthwise
increase thickness through appositional growth
bones stop growing during adolescence
remodel
consists of both bone deposit and resorption
occurs at surfaces of periosteum and endosteum
different rates in different bones
even different parts of same bone
form
endochondral ossification
bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilige
called endochondral bones
forms majority of skeleton
Intramembranous ossification
bone develops from fibrous membrane
called membranous bones
starts within fibrous connective tissue membranes
forms cranial and clavicle bones
stages of bone healing
hematoma formation
fibrocartiaginous callus formation
bony callus formation
bone remodeling
raw materials needed for bone growth/reproduction
calcium
location and role of epiphyseal plate
location
at the end of each long bone
role
helps growth
classification of bone fracture
position of bone ends after fracture
non displaced: ends in normal position
displaced: ends out of normal position
penetration
open (compound ): skin is penetrated
closed ( simple) : skin is not penetrated
completeness of break
complete: broken all the way through
incomplete: not broken all the way through
upstream cause
direct
falling foward catching self with arm
indirect
not well nourished
not getting calcium needed since hes lactose intolerant
junk food makes him vulnerable to breaks like this
downstream effects
broken right elbow
bone in upper arm seems to be protruding the skin
age
young boy had a hard fall since kids are less likely to break bones
location
arms are limbs more at risk of break
compared to any bone in torso
diet
bad diet
weak bones due to no vitamin c