Elderly male with stomach cancer recently placed with feeding tube

Gallbladder removed

Bypassing natural gastric juices

Malabsorption

Bypassing esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Missing key chemicals to break down food

bypassing mechanical breakdown and segmentation

proteases (protein)

Amylase (starch)

Lipases (fats)

Nucleases (nucleic acids)

Bile duct assumes bile storing role

Bile is major vehicle for excreting cholesterol from body

sterile or pasteurized feeding only

requires longer feeding times and immobility of patient

Bypassing bodies natural defenses resulting in a greater risk of infection

may result in abdominal pain and diarrhea

Anatomy of digestive tract

mouth

tongue

Salivary glands

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

pharynx

esophagus

liver

stomach

gallbladder

pancreas

small intestine

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

large intestine

anus

transverse descending ascending colon, cecum, sigmoid, rectum, appendix, anal canal

Basic nutrients

Carbohydrates

proteins

lipids

nucleic Acids

Function of Organs

Mouth/ Accessory organs

Ingestion, Propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion

mucus in saliva helps dissolve food.

Salivary amylase, lingual lipase, mucin, lysozyme, IgA

Pharynx and Esophagus

propulsion

stomach

mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption

hydrochloric acid

pepsin

small intestine

mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption

liver

secretes bile

pancreas

secretes digestive enzymes

bile salts and phospholipids

acinar cell, duct cell

gallbladder

stores bile

large intestine

digestion, absorption, propulsion, defecation

goblet cells

enzymes

salivary amylase (mouth)

pancreatic amylase (pancreas)

Brush border enzymes: dextrinase, glucoamylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase (small intestine)

pepsin (stomach)

pancreatic enzymes (pancreas)

lingual lipase (mouth)

gastric lipase (stomach)

pancreatic lipases (pancreas)

pancreatic ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease (pancreas)

Brush border enzymes: nucleosidases, phosphatases. (small intestine)